Description

1.4–10.0 mm. Head. Lower face more or less distinctly foveate/foveolate-reticulate to rugulose, with or without smaller punctures; not keeled medially or, in some species of of punctulatus group, with a lamellate median keel (see fig. 5). Median frontal carina usually distinct, not raised to distinctly raised to form a blunt, pyramidal or triangular, lamellate or oval, and dorsally flattened process; the carina is indistinct or almost absent in some species of the ruficollis group. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, occasionally indistinctly raised or not discernible. Antennal scrobes indistinctly or distinctly impressed, occasionally not impressed, glabrate with punctures or foveolate, and sometimes with secondary striation. Lateral frontal carina present or absent. Vertex foveate to foveate-areolate; or rugose; occasionally also with some longitudinal costulae; distinctly concave posteriorly, or (in P. prinslooi) longitudinally compressed and slightly concave posteriorly. Occiput glabrous or vertically strigate (in some species of punctulatus group). Gena glabrous or more or less superficially sculptured, foveate to rugose, occasionally also coriarious; with or without smaller punctures. Occipital carina not angled midlaterally or occasionally weakly angled; not raised or sometimes slightly raised throughout. Malar space distinctly impressed beneath eye or occasionally only slightly so. Clypeus usually glabrate ventrally; glabrate, foveolate to foveate, punctate, foveolate-punctate or rugulose dorsally and medially; with or without some longitudinal strigae; distinctly projecting ventrally; ventral margin straight or slightly incised, occasionally slightly acute. Foveae and punctures on face, gena, and vertex always setigerous, as true also for foveae and punctures of thoracic parts.

Female antenna. Flagellum with 11 articles, occasionally with 10; not widened or somewhat widened toward apex; in P. yangambicolus and P. alveolatus distinctly widened and compressed toward apex. F1/F2  =  0.7–1.2; F3 usually long, occasionally shorter, l/w  =  1.5–3.0. Placodes start on F1, occasionally on F2. Placodes usually dense and cover entire surface of last flagellomere, but can be sparse occasionally (in some species in the scaber, nigricornis, and ruficollis groups).

Male antenna. Flagellum with 12 articles, occasionally with 13 articles. F1/F2  =  0.7–1.0; F3 l/w  =  2.5–4.1. In the Neotropical species of the ruficollis group and trisetosus group F1 distinctly swollen and excavated laterally; excavated area glabrate, nude, and without placodes.

Pronotum. Anterior flange glabrate, punctate, transversely striolate or longitudinally strigate. Submedian depressions large, deep, open laterally; medially usually more or less connected, but occasionally isolated from each other (see figs. 6, 7). Anterior plate usually glabrous to glabrate and dorsally punctate, or entirely foveolate. Lateral surface foveate, foveate-reticulate, or foveate-areolate, occasionally alveolate; with or without smaller punctures; sometimes with secondary longitudinal carinae. Crest either (1) prominently triangularly raised medially, (2) raised medially to form a more or less distinct triangular process, (3) raised into two separate, submedian, triangular processes, or (4) only slightly raised medially, evenly curved; with or without median emargination. Dorsal pronotal area coriarious, colliculate, or glabrate; secluded or open posteriorly.

Mesonotum. Scutum either with foveae and transverse, slightly, but distinctly undulating costae, or entirely distinctly foveate with only indicated or no transverse ridges, or occasionally foveate. Median mesoscutal impression only indicated posteriorly. Notaulus distinct to indistinct; with or without a large depression anteriorly. Parascutal carina conspicuously raised, angulate or slightly produced posteriorly; or not raised, rounded posteriorly. Scuto-scutellar sulcus divided into two foveae by strong median carina, sometimes divided by additional, more or less strong carinae into four or more foveae (ruficollis group and several species of trisetosus group). Axillula in some species with conspicuous white or yellow pubescence. Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum flat, or somewhat inclined posteriorly with a posterior vertical surface, or strongly inclined posteriorly without a vertical surface; foveate-areolate to slightly asperous, ocassionally foveate; laterally and posteriorly margined or not; occassionally projected posteriorly into a short process, with or without a posterior emargination. Lateral and posterior surfaces of mesoscutellum vertically costulate or rugose. Laterodorsal process small, rounded. Auricula broad, occasionally subdivided.

Mesopectus. Mesopleural triangle large, triangular, distinctly impressed; occasionally only slightly impressed; glabrate, densely pubescent, or in some species with conspicuous white or yellow pubescence; ventrally usually distinctly margined but occasionally not margined, margin usually evenly curved but occasionally slightly sinuate. Upper pleuron glabrous to glabrate, occasionally partly foveolate to foveolate-reticulate (trisetosus group, P mixtus), or longitudinally carinate (P. yangambicolus and P. alveolatus). Anterior part of upper pleuron usually with a few foveae/foveolae or larger impressions, with or without punctures. Speculum glabrous; occasionally horizontally costulate. Mesopleural impression percurrent although occasionally very superficial, subdivided by vertical ridges or not. Lower pleuron glabrous to glabrate with more or less sparse hair-punctures, with one to two large anterior impressions, occasionally also with a vertical impression posteriorly, continuous with or separated from median impression. Lateroventral carina percurrent, more or less strongly curved and occasionally only present posteriorly. Subpleuron transversely costulate. Intercoxal processes peglike or occasionally more rounded, directed obliquely posteriorly.

Metanotum. Dorsellum glabrate, punctate, or vertically strigate; lateral depressions distinct, moderately deep to deep, medium-sized to large, with or without vertical carinae (see fig. 8).

Metapectal-propodeal complex. Anterior metapleural pit absent except in scaber group. Metepisternum rugose, in ruficollis group longitudinally strigate in upper half, and in some species of trisetosus group medially with an elevated, glabrous patch. Prespiracular area rugose to rugulose; prespiracular process absent or represented by slight to distinct surface convexity. Lateral propodeal area rugose; posterolateral propodeal process absent or present; if present then low to moderately high, ridgelike to slightly raised ventrally and triangular. Median propodeal area carinate, often with median longitudinal carina and a median transverse carina. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, sometimes raised, usually not flattened on top, but partly flattened occasionally. When flattened, flattened part of lateral propodeal carina glabrous and nude to punctate and pubescent above. In yangambicolus group lateral propodeal carina only present anteriorly and posterior part of median propodeal area alveolate. Postsubpleuron glabrate. Nucha dorsally glabrous to more or less superficially longitudinally costulate, laterally rugose or longitudinally costulate.

Wings (see fig. 9). Forewing usually hyaline and occasionally dark brown. Forewing, when hyaline, sometimes with dark brown macula in and around marginal cell and occasionally also with a dark brown transverse band along basalis and an apical infuscate band. Hindwings hyaline with or without an apical infuscate band. In a few species, forewings and Hindwings with wide dark band covering basal half, median one third, or distal one half. Marginal cell with Rs/2r  =  2.0–3.6. Rs+M arises from middle of basalis, occasionally from upper third, or posterior end. Bulla in R₁+Sc present or absent.

Legs. Protibia apically with one or two teeth. Mesotibial lobe blunt, not margined, with one or two teeth; or absent. Metatibial lobe margined, not produced, with or without three to six teeth, teeth short and blunt or long and pointed. Posterior surface of metatibia with or without longitudinal carina, with two to four spurs, and occasionally also with two to four strong dents. Metatarsomere (as mt below) 1 not compressed or slightly to distinctly compressed; mt1/mt2–5  =  0.4–1.3. Distal margin of mt1 not produced, or produced into a blunt or tubular process anteroventrally; distal margin of mt2 not produced.

Female metasoma. Petiolar annulus short with length/width  =  0.4–1.0, longitudinally costate (sometimes only superficially so dorsally). T3–5 reduced in size, T6 conspicuously expanded dorsally but not ventrally. In a few species in the trisetosus group T5 distinctly enlarged, partly covering T6. T7 largely covered by T6. T4–8 keeled medially. Posterior margins of T3–6 dorsally acute, posterior margins of T7 dorsolaterally broadly and deeply incised to expose T8 and sometimes dorsolaterally straight, not incised, entirely covering T8. Terga minutely to coarsely punctate, punctures of anterior terga only limited to posterior part and punctures of posterior terga coarser and cover larger area. T3 usually has only a few hairs laterally, T4 usually nude and occasionally with a few hairs laterally, T5 almost always nude, and T6–8 usually with hairs in coarse punctures and occasionally densely pubescent. T8 with broad apical impression reaching to or beyond spiracle. Apical impression of T8 obliquely strigate throughout or at least close to spiracle, and rarely entirely punctate. In species with T8 covered by T7, impression and strigation on T8 may be reduced. Eudorsal margin of T8 in lateral view reclivous to vertical and straight or slightly convex. In species with T8 covered by T7, eudorsal margin of T8 may be straight, vertical, and not angled. T9 not or slightly projecting beyond T8. ST4–6 covered by ST3 or (in P. yangambicolus and P. alveolatus) not. ST7 with one to three rows of submedian hairs and occasionally more broadly pubescent, posterior margin of lateral flap oblique and straight.

Male metasoma. Petiolar annulus short to fairly long, l/w  =  0.6–1.7; longitudinally costulate, sometimes superficially dorsally. T3–8 subequal in size or T5 slightly to conspicuously enlarged; T4 or T5 largest in lateral view. Posterior margins of terga: T3–4 dorsally straight or acute, T5–7 dorsally broadly incised, T3–7 laterally rounded. T3–8 to T5–8 posteriorly and laterally minutely to more coarsely punctate; punctate area more extensive on posterior terga. T3 with some hairs laterally, T4 nude, sometimes with a few hairs laterally, T5 nude, T6–8 with hairs in coarse punctures. Eudorsal margin of T8 in lateral view almost straight.

Coloration. Many species more or less uniformly colored: black, brown, red brown, or yellow brown; P. lutepennis bright yellow brown. Other species bicolored: black with postpetiolar metasoma entirely and legs partly red; or black to brownish black with head, antennae, part of mesosoma, and part of legs yellow, red, yellowish brown, or reddish brown. In P. annulicornis and several other closely related species flagellum with a median, white band.

Biology

Nine females of P. trisectus were collected on tree trunks in Nepal, six females of P. grossus on Syzygium (Myrtaceae) logs in Papua New Guinea, two males of P. coruscus reared from Dalbergia fusca (Fabaceae) in Burma, and one female of P. claripennis and two females of P. yangambicolus from “Coleoptera” in Uganda. Several specimens of P. fuscapiculus were reared from Curculionidae in South Africa. All rearing records are associated with angiospermous woody plants.

Diaz (1973) recorded P. zonatus from Argentina, collected on Nectandra sp. (Lauraceae) attacked by Oncideres sp. (Cerambycidae). Judging from Diaz's description of this material, the record may actually refer to P. braziliensis, which is described in this paper, and not to P. zonatus. The type female of P. zonatus was taken by beating on Ulmus crassifolia (Ulmaceae) in Texas (Weld, 1944). Yang (1994) observed females of P. fraxinus ovipositing into the trunk of a recently killed tree of Fraxinus mandshurica (Oleaceae) attacked by Mesosa myops (Cerambycidae) and Tremex simulacrum (Siricidae).

Diagnostic Characters

Size relatively small. Antenna filiform, not distinctly enlarged apically. Female antenna has 13 segments with F1 distinctly shorter than F2. All flagellomeres have placodes, which are short, not as long as the segments, and are densely distributed on all medial to distal segments (fig. 24). Eye extended laterally, distinctly beyond outer margin of gena. Antennal scrobe defined by apparent lateral carina. Median frontal carina simple, and present only between antennal sockets (figs. 22, 23). Occiput glabrous. Pronotal crest not raised dorsomedially. Dorsal pronotal area glabrous. Lateral surfaces of pronotum evenly curved anteroventrally, foveate-reticulate, without secondary transverse costae and punctures, and not separated dorsomedially by an extended, less sculptured anterior area. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, but not reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Mesoscutum transversely carinate with distinct foveae set in between (fig. 25). Mesoscutellum sloped posteriorly; posteriorly broadly rounded; dorsally foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus is divided into two foveae by median longitudinal carina. Axillar area without conspicuous pubescence (figs. 25, 26). Mesopleural triangle well defined by a smoothly curved carina. Upper mesopleuron glabrous (fig. 25); speculum with setigerous punctures posterodorsally (fig. 1). Median mesopleural impression straight, narrowed toward ends, and with two to three vertical carinae. Metepisternum alveolate-reticulate in upper half and pubescent ventrally (fig. 25). Wings slightly smoky; Rs-M from middle of basalis. Apical teeth of metatibia long and pointed (fig. 28, 29). First metatarsomere without apical protuberance and shorter than the combined length of the second to fifth metatarsomeres. Lateral propodeal carinae simple, not raised into strong keel or process, and median propodeal area usually with a median longitudinal carina, or two submedian longitudinal carinae, crossed by a modified transverse carina (fig. 26). T6 is at least twice as long as other terga along dorsal margin. T7 of female with posterior margin curved dorsolaterally, distinctly exposing T8 (fig. 27).

Paramblynotus virginianus, new species

figures 1, 22–29

Female

Length 3.5–5 mm. Body black entirely except tibiae and tarsi of legs, which are yellow to yellowish brown. Wings slightly smoky, somewhat darker across middle.

Face, gena, and vertex foveate-reticulate (figs. 22, 23); foveae on vertex longitudinally set in rows in the spaces between eye and posterior ocelli (figs. 22, 23). Median frontal carina only shortly present between antennal sockets. Anterior tentorial pit small, but distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch; clypeus transversely striate-rugose (fig. 22). Occiput mostly glabrous except foveate laterally.

Lateral pronotal carina distinct, except dorsomedially (fig. 25). Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal area of pronotum behind pronotal crest glabrous and complete to end of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with foveae more or less set in rows between transverse costae. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate, sloping posteriorly and, viewed from above, rounded posteriorly (fig. 26). Mesopleural triangle distinctly depressed and pubescent. Upper mesopleuron anteriorly punctate-rugose, posteriorly glabrous; speculum with several setigerous punctures. Longitudinal mesopleural impression percurrent with unevenly distributed transverse costae. Lower mesopleuron glabrous with setigerous punctures along lower margin. Metanotal-propodeal complex foveate-rugose with dense pubescence (fig. 25). Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, medially somewhat curved lareally. Median propodeal area with one or two irregular longitudinal carinae (fig. 26).

Abdominal petiole slightly shorter than wide, longitudinally carinate. Relative length of T3–8: 2∶1∶1∶3.2∶1.3∶0.9. T4–8 densely finely punctate. T6–8 also sparsely, coarsely punctate with hairs (fig. 27). All legs densely punctate with pubescence. Metatibia apically with four slender, pointed teeth (figs. 28, 29). 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.6.

Male

Unknown.

The species is most similar to species of the scaber group, but can be easily separated from the latter by the following characters. Speculum setigerous; median frontal carina branched posteriorly, delimiting a small triangular, glabrous area beneath anterior ocellus; eyes protruding laterally beyond gena; mesoscutum distinctly convex in lateral view; wings smoky.

Type Material

18♀♀. Holotype: ♀, USA: Virginia, Essex Co. (1 mi SE Dunnsville, 37°52′N, 76°48′W), 1994-VII-2–15, D. R. Smith coll. (USNM). Paratypes: 17♀♀. 7♀♀, 1992-VII-8–31 (2), 1994-VII-2–15 (2), and 1995-VII-12–24 (3), other data as holotype; 10♀♀, USA: Virginia, Clarke County, University of Virginia Blandy Experimental Farm (2 mi S Boyce, 39°05′N, 78°10′W), 1995-VII-12–24 (6) and 1994-VI-25–VIII-3 (4) (USNM: 15; ZMLU-MS: 2).

Additional Material Examined

Canada: Ontario (bog in Ancaster) (CNCI: 1♀).

Distribution

USA: Virginia; Canada: Ontario.

Biology

All specimens were collected in Malaise traps. According to Dr. D. Smith (personal commun.), the site in Essex Co., Virginia, was about 120 acres of woodland and open grassy areas. The woods were dominated by pines, mostly Pinus taeda, Quercus spp., Hicoria spp., Liriodendron tulipifera, and Liquidambar styraciflua. Part of the adjacent property was a tree plantation that had been cut about 15 years earlier and contained considerable underbrush and about 10–15-year-old loblolly pines. Traps were placed at woods edges, along streams, and within woods and the tree plantation. The site in Clarke Co. was an experimental station with about 700 acres and consisted of woodlands, open fields, and ponds surrounded by willows. This site was much more diverse in vegetation than the other site. The woodlands (one about a 110-year-old 70-acre woodlot) were dominated by Quercus spp., Hicoria spp., and Ulmus spp., with a few scattered pines. Traps were placed in many disturbed areas, forest edges, within woods, and around ponds and willows. The 17 specimens of the type series consisted of 7 from the Essex site collected in 3 years and 10 from the Clarke site collected in 2 years. Apparently the species is more abundant in the Clarke site that also had a more deciduous component in the vegetation. Nonetheless, no direct host association can be established.

Etymology

Name after type locality.

Diagnostic Characters

Body size relatively small. Antenna filiform. Female antenna has 13 segments with F1 distinctly shorter than F2. Placodes present on all flagellomeres, short, and not as long as the segments (figs. 32, 33). Median frontal carina simple and present only between antennal sockets. Antennal scrobes laterally always defined by a weak, but distinct carina (fig. 30). Eye laterally about to reach or slightly extended beyond outer margin of gena (fig. 31). Occiput glabrous. Lateral surfaces of pronotum foveate-reticulate, usually without secondary transverse costae and punctures, and not separated dorsomedially by an extended, less sculptured anterior area. Lateral pronotal carinae distinct, but not reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially (fig. 35). Pronotal crest slightly to strongly raised dorsomedially, with or without a median emargination. Dorsal pronotal area, as defined by dorsal pronotal carina, extended from pronotal crest posteriorly, always sculptured and usually reaching end of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum not strongly convex; predominantly transversely carinate with only superficial foveae in between (fig. 35). Mesoscutellum sloped posteriorly, with or without a distinct posterior vertical surface, and foveate-reticulate dorsally. Scutellar sulcus is divided into two foveae by median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with distinct, but not conspicuous pubescence (figs. 34, 35). Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by a smoothly curved carina. Upper mesopleural area glabrous; speculum without setigerous punctures. Median mesopleural impression straight, almost continuous posteriorly with the vertical part of the ventral mesopleural impression, and with multiple, equally strong vertical carinae. Metepisternum alveolate-reticulate in upper half and pubescent ventrally (fig. 35). Wings hyaline; Rs-M from middle of basalis. Dorsoapical teeth of metatibia long and bluntly pointed (fig. 36); first metatarsomere without apical protuberance. Lateral propodeal carinae simple, not raised into strong keel or process; median propodeal area usually with a median longitudinal carina, which sometime bifurcates behind the median transverse carina (fig. 34). T7 of female metasoma with posterior margin curved dorsolaterally, distinctly exposing T8, and T6–8 with sparse coarse punctures with hairs (fig. 37). T3–8 of male not modified and subequal in size.

Paramblynotus scaber Belizin, 1962

Stylobrachys; combination by Kovalev (1994: 414).

Female

Length 4.3–4.8 mm. Body black entirely except tibiae and tarsi of legs yellow to yellow brown.

Upper face mostly longitudinally carinate except antennal scrobes glabrate-punctate ventrally. Median frontal carina weak, but distinct until one-third of lower face. Lower face mostly radiating-carinate and foveate, except foveate-reticulate medially. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch; clypeus transversely carinate. Gena foveate-rugose. Vertex longitudinally carinate with obscured foveae. Occiput glabrous, with sparse pubescence.

Anterior flange of pronotum densely carinate longitudinally. Anterior plate of pronotum anterior to lateral pronotal carinae heavily foveate with foveae set in rows between irregular transverse carinae. Lateral pronotal carina distinct except dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with broken oblique carinae. Median pronotal crest low with a broad emargination. Mesoscutum foveate-rugose with irregularly distributed transverse costae. Dorsal area of pronotum behind pronotal crest glabrous or with indistinct carinae and complete to end of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; sloping posterolaterally and posteromedially raised into a hump. Mesopleural triangle distinctly depressed and pubescent. Upper mesopleuron mostly glabrous except anteriorly foveate-rugose; speculum glabrous. Longitudinal mesopleural impression percurrent with several evenly distributed transverse costae. Lower mesopleuron glabrous with irregular foveae or punctures. Metanotal-propodeal complex glabrous in upper metepisternum and an upper small area of lower metepisternum, otherwise foveate-rugose with dense pubescence. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent and nearly parallel; median longitudinal carina almost percurrent and only diverged posteriorly.

Relative length of T3–T8: 2.3∶1∶1.2∶4∶1 0.8. T4–8 densely finely punctate; T6–8 also with a few slightly larger setigerous punctures. All legs, except metacoxa dorsally glabrous, densely pubescent. Metatibia apically with four stout, pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.65.

Male

Length 3.0–3.8 mm. All abdominal terga of equal length except T5 slightly longer than the rest.

Material Examined

2♀♀, 7♂♂ (3T): ZISP.

Distribution

Russia: Primorsk (Usury) and Khabalovsk.

Remarks

The original author recorded six type specimens: twp females (one as type) and two males from Usury and two males from Khabalovsk, and one female from Irkusk (Belizin, 1962). However, we found two females and one male from Usury and four males from Khabalovsk, and one female from Irkusk in the type series. All specimens were labeled as “Paratypus” except the two females from Usury were labeled as “Holotypus”. Between the two females that bear holotypus labels, one bears two labels, a white label reading as “Holotypus Stylobrachys scaber V. Belizin det” (in handwriting) and a red label (similar to the paratype labels both in size and color) reading as “Holotypus”. The other female specimen bears a larger and redder label reading “Holotypus (in print) Stylobrachys scaber V. Belizin det ♀” (in handwriting) in one single label. The collection time and collector is the same on both; the locality is slightly different, but not separable based on Belizin's original information. However, we think that the former “holotype” is an error because the color and size of the label is the same as the other paratypes, and the way the information was recorded onto the two labels is the same as four of the other six paratypes. Therefore, we consider that there is no need for selecting a lectotype. Nonetheless, we still attach an extra label reading “recognized Holotype of Belizin” to avoid confusion for future reference. Also in the original description, the collection date was recorded as 1937-VII-13, but the labels attached to the three types from Usury read “1937-VII–IX” and the types from Khabalovsk have no collection date.

A female paratype from Irkusk is a misidentification and is described in the present paper as a new species, Paramblynotus irkutensis.

Paramblynotus atratus Liu and Kovalev, new species

figures 30–37

Female

Length 3.5–4.0 mm. Body black entirely except legs dark brown. Wings transparent.

Upper face including antennal scrobes distinctly carinate longitudinally; ocellar plate foveate-reticulate. Median frontal carina present, distinct from below anterior ocellus to somewhat beyond lower margins of antennal sockets, and bifurcated posteriorly to delimit a small glabrous triangular area anterior to anterior ocellus. Lower face entirely foveate-reticulate and slightly rugose (fig. 30). Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch; clypeus foveate-rugose. Gena foveate with sparse pubescence. Vertex distinctly longitudinally carinate with foveae. Occiput glabrous (fig. 31).

Anterior flange of pronotum punctate-foveate. Anterior plate of pronotum before lateral pronotal carinae densely foveate with pubescence. Lateral pronotal carina distinct posteroventrally. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate (fig. 35). Median pronotal crest indistinct and medially not or very slightly emarginate. Dorsal pronotal area transversely costate and complete to end of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with foveae set in rows between distinct transverse costae (fig. 35). Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; sloping posterolaterally with a posteromedial hump (figs. 34, 35). Mesopleural triangle distinctly depressed and pubescent. Upper mesopleuron glabrous except anteriormost part punctate; speculum glabrous. Longitudinal mesopleural impression percurrent with several irregularly distributed transverse costae. Lower mesopleuron glabrous with sparse pubescence. Metanotal-propodeal complex foveate-rugose, glabrous in upper metepisternum and an upper part of lower metepisternum and densely pubescent below. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent and medially distinctly curved laterally; median propodeal area areolate-reticulate, with median longitudinal carina bifurcated posteriorly at anterior third (fig. 34).

Abdominal petiole half as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.8∶1∶1.3∶3∶1∶0.8. T5–8 densely finely punctate; T6–8 also with a few slightly larger setigerous punctures. All legs, except metacoxa, dorsally glabrous, densely punctate with pubescence. Metatibia apically with four pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.70.

The new species is similar to P. irkutensis but it can be easily distinguished by having antennal scrobes at least partly carinate posteriorly and pronotal crest medially not emarginate.

Type Material

6♀♀, 4♂♂: Holotype: ♀: Russia: Primorsk (20 km from Putzilobki Monakino, Forest), 1993-VI-24–28, Belokobylsk leg (ZISP). Paratypes: 10: 5♀♀, 4♂♂, data as holotype (ZISP); 1♀, Russia: Primorsk (10 km from Partizanska Dubniak), 1979-VII-18, Belokobylskij coll. (ZISP).

Distribution

Russia: Vladivostok.

Biology

Unknown.

Paramblynotus belizini, new species

Female

Length 5.0 mm. Head and mesosoma black; antenna, legs, and metasoma brown. Wings transparent.

Upper face distinctly longitudinally carinate except lower part of antennal scrobes glabrate. Median frontal carina distinctly present until middle of lower face. Lower face foveate-reticulate except foveate-rugose laterally. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch; clypeus foveate with sparse pubescence. Gena glabrate-foveate. Vertex entirely longitudinally carinate. Occiput glabrous and sparsely punctate with pubescence.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous. Anterior plate of pronotum before lateral pronotal carinae glabrate with dense setigerous punctures set in rows. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, except dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Median pronotal crest slightly raised medially, medially with a small but distinct emargination. Dorsal pronotal area transversely costate, and complete to end of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum and transversely carinate. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with foveae set in rows between distinct, transverse costae. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; sloping posterolaterally and posteromedially raised into a low hump. Mesopleural triangle distinctly impressed and pubescent. Upper mesopleuron glabrous; speculum glabrous. Longitudinal mesopleural impression percurrent with several more or less evenly distributed transverse costae. Lower mesopleuron glabrous. Metanotal-propodeal complex, except upper metepisternum glabrous, foveate-rugose and densely pubescent. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent and slightly curved laterally; median propodeal area areolate-reticulate.

Abdominal petiole half as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.7∶1∶1∶2.3∶1∶1. T4–8 densely finely punctate. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four slender, pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.75.

Diagnosis

The new species is similar to P. scaber but it can be distinguished by its glabrate-foveate gena, narrow and distinct median emargination of pronotal crest, foveate-reticulate lateral surface of pronotum, areolate-reticulate median propodeal area, and reduced to almost invisible Rs+M vein of forewing. In comparison, the latter has gena foveate-rugose, lower median pronotal crest with a broader and indistinct emargination, lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with broken oblique carinae, and a distinct Rs+M vein of forewing.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Russia: Vladivostok (Sedanka), 1930-VI-29 (NHRM).

Distribution

Russia: Vladivostok.

Biology

Unknown.

Paramblynotus irkutensis Liu and Kovalev, new species

Female

Length 4.5 mm. Body black entirely, except upper mesopleuron and speculum and legs dark brown. Wings transparent.

Upper face with finely rugose lateral areas separated by distinct longitudinal carinae from the glabrous antennal scrobes. Median frontal carina short, present distinctly between antennal sockets until one-fourth of lower face and continued flattened to clypeus, and bifurcated posteriorly to delimit a small glabrous triangular area anterior to anterior ocellus. Lower face foveate-reticulate. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch; clypeus foveate with pubescence. Gena foveate with sparse pubescence. Vertex foveate-reticulate and laterally with a few secondary longitudinal carinae. Occiput glabrous and sparsely punctate with pubescence.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous. Anterior plate of pronotum before lateral pronotal carinae densely punctate with pubescence. Lateral pronotal carina distinct except dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Pronotal crest distinct and distinctly emarginate medially. Dorsal pronotal area transversely costate and complete to end of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with foveae set in rows between low transverse costae. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; sloping posterolaterally and posteromedially raised into a low hump. Mesopleural triangle distinctly depressed and pubescent. Upper mesopleuron glabrous mostly and punctate anteriorly; speculum glabrous. Longitudinal mesopleural impression percurrent with several more or less evenly distributed transverse costae. Lower mesopleuron glabrous with sparse pubescence. Metanotal-propodeal complex mostly foveate-rugose with dense pubescence and glabrous in upper metepisternum. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent and distinctly curved laterally; median propodeal area areolate-reticulate.

Abdominal petiole half as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.5∶1∶1∶2∶0.8∶0.8. T4–8 densely finely punctate; T6–8 also with a few slightly larger setigerous punctures. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.60.

Diagnosis

The new species is similar to P. atratus but it can be easily distinguished by the following characters: antennal scrobes glabrous, and pronotal crest medially distinctly raised with a narrow, distinct emargination.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Russia: Irkutsk, B. Yakovlev coll. (ZISP).

Distribution

Russia: Irkutsk.

Paramblynotus marginatus Liu and Kovalev, new species

Female

Length 4.0 mm. Body black almost entirely, only metasoma anteriorly and posteroventrally and legs dark brown. Wings transparent.

Upper face longitudinally carinate laterally; antennal scrobe glabrous and densely punctate. Median frontal carina distinctly present between antennal sockets and diverging posteriorly to delimit a glabrous triangular area anterior to anterior ocellus. Lower face entirely foveate-rugose. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Clypeus slightly raised medially, foveate-rugose, and pubescent anteriorly. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Gena foveate-reticulate with dense pubescence. Vertex foveate-reticulate, and foveae set in rows between longitudinal carinae. Occiput glabrous; sparsely punctate with pubescence.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous. Anterior plate of pronotum before lateral pronotal carinae glabrate and sparsely punctate with pubescence anteriorly, and mostly coarsely and densely punctate with pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially strongly raised, slightly higher than the highest point of mesoscutum in lateral view. Pronotal crest distinctly raised and medially not emarginate. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, extending dorsomedially to nearly meet pronotal crest. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area transversely costate and complete to end of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum, but narrowed distinctly posteriorly. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; sloping posterolaterally and strongly raised posteromedially, making dorsal surface of mesoscutellum almost flat in lateral view. Mesopleural triangle distinctly depressed and pubescent. Upper mesopleuron glabrous except anteriorly punctate with pubescence; speculum glabrous. Longitudinal mesopleural impression percurrent with several more or less evenly distributed transverse costae. Lower mesopleuron glabrous with sparse pubescence. Metanotal-propodeal complex foveate-rugose with dense pubescence, except upper metepisternum glabrous. Lateral propodeal carina strongly curved laterally and medially indistinct; median propodeal area areolate-reticulate.

Abdominal petiole 0.6 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 2∶1∶1.2∶3.5∶1∶1. T4–8 densely finely punctate; T6–8 also with a few slightly larger setigerous punctures set in one or two rows. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four slender, pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.75.

Diagnosis

The new species is similar to P. pausatus, n.sp. but it can be easily distinguished by the following characters: pronotal crest medially not emarginate, gena glabrate posteriorly at lower part, and coarsely punctate elsewhere, and T6 about 3.5 times as long as T4.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Russia: Primorsk, Kegrovaya, 1976-VIII-24, Storonseva coll. (ZISP).

Distribution

Russia: Primorsk.

Paramblynotus pausatus Liu and Kovalev, new species

Female

Length 3.4 mm. Body black entirely, except antenna and legs dark brown. Wings transparent, slightly tinted yellow and more so in marginal and submarginal cells.

Upper face asperous laterally; antennal scrobe densely punctate with scarce longitudinal carinae posteriorly. Median frontal carina distinctly present between antennal sockets and bifurcated posteriorly to delimit a glabrous triangular area anterior to anterior ocellus. A second carina parallel and laterad to the divergent carina is also present. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Lower face and clypeus entirely foveate-rugose. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Gena foveate-rugose. Occiput glabrous; sparsely punctate with pubescence.

Anterior flange of pronotum irregularly carinate longitudinally. Anterior plate of pronotum before lateral pronotal carinae glabrous and densely punctate with pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially strongly raised, in lateral view slightly higher than the highest point of mesoscutum. Pronotal crest distinctly raised and medially with a distinct triangular emargination. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, almost meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum coarsely foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area complete to end of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum and narrowed toward the rear, transversely costate with foveae throughout. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; sloping posterolaterally and strongly raised posteromedially so that dorsal surface of mesoscutellum is almost flat in lateral view. Mesopleural triangle distinctly depressed and pubescent. Upper mesopleuron glabrous except foveate most anteriorly; speculum glabrous. Longitudinal mesopleural impression percurrent with several more or less evenly distributed transverse costae. Lower mesopleuron glabrous. Metanotal-propodeal complex foveate-rugose and densely pubescent, except upper metepisternum largely glabrous. Lateral propodeal carina strongly curved laterally; median propodeal area with two transverse carinae and one longitudinal carina in anterior half, and with two longitudinal carinae posteriorly.

Abdominal petiole 0.5 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.8∶1∶1.2∶2.5∶0.8∶0.8. T4–8 densely finely punctate; T6–8 also with a few slightly larger setigerous punctures set in one or two rows. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.75.

Diagnosis

The new species is similar to P. marginatus, n.sp., but can be easily distinguished by the following characters: pronotal crest medially with a distinct triangular emargination; T6 about 2.5 times as long as T4; wings slightly tinted yellow. The species is also distinguished from all other species of the scaber group by the shape of the T6 and T7; lateroposterior margin of T6 and T7 is almost straight in P. pausatus, but it is distinctly curved in the other species.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Russia: Primorsk, Partizansk, 1975-VII-24, Krivagutzkaya coll. (ZISP).

Distribution

Russia: Primorsk.

Paramblynotus pronus Liu and Kovalev, new species

Female

Length 4.2 mm. Body black entirely except antenna and legs dark brown, T3 ventrally brown. Wings transparent, slightly tinted yellow and more so in marginal and submarginal cells.

Upper face longitudinally carinate laterally; antennal scrobe densely punctate and scarcely carinate posteriorly. Median frontal carina present between antennal sockets and bifurcated posteriorly to delimit a glabrous triangular area anterior to anterior ocellus. Antennal scrobes densely punctate and longitudinally carinate posteriorly. Lower face and clypeus entirely foveate- to punctate-rugose. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Gena glabrate and mostly densely foveate, and foveate-rugose in lower part. Vertex foveate-reticulate; foveae often partially fused with each other longitudinally. Occiput glabrous; sparsely punctate with pubescence.

Anterior flange of pronotum carinate longitudinally. Anterior plate of pronotum before lateral pronotal carinae glabrous and densely punctate with pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially prominently raised into a peak, in lateral view distinctly higher than the highest point of mesoscutum. Pronotal crest distinctly raised and medially with a distinct triangular emargination. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area transversely costate, reaching to end of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum, but become almost indistinguishable from lateral surface as dorsal pronotal carina diminishes posteriorly. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Scutellar foveae further divided by submedian longitudinal carinae weaker than median carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate, sloping slowly posteriorly with dorsal surface oblique in lateral view. Posterior margin of mesoscutellum truncate with a slight emargination in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle distinctly depressed and pubescent. Upper mesopleuron glabrous except foveate most anteriorly; speculum glabrous. Longitudinal mesopleural impression percurrent with several transverse costae distributed more or less evenly. Lower mesopleuron glabrous. Metanotal-propodeal complex foveate-rugose and densely pubescent, except upper metepisternum largely glabrous. Lateral propodeal carina strongly curved laterally; transverse carina of median propodeal area bifurcated laterally to form on each side one large fovea with the lateral propodeal carina; median longitudinal carina only present prior to the transverse carina.

Abdominal petiole 0.5 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.6∶1∶1∶2.0∶0.8∶0.6. T4–8 densely finely punctate; T6–8 also with a few slightly larger setigerous punctures set in one or two rows. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four slender, pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.75.

Diagnosis

The new species is similar to P. liaoi, n.sp. They differ from the other species of the scaber group by pronotum being prominently raised dorsomedially and scutellar foveae further divided by submedian longitudinal carinae weaker than median carina. The new species can be further distinguished from P. liaoi by the following characters: genae mostly foveate to punctate, with some short carinae posteriorly and ventrally; mesoscutellum truncate posteriorly with a slight emargination; length of marginal cell 2.0 times width.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Russia: Primorsk, Shkotovsk, 1975-VII-22, Krivagutzkaya coll. (ZISP).

Distribution

Russia: Primorsk.

Paramblynotus liaoi, new species

Female

Length 4.5 mm. Body black entirely except antenna and legs dark brown, T3 ventrally brown. Wings transparent, slightly tinted yellow and more so in marginal and submarginal cells.

Upper face asperous laterally; antennal scrobe densely punctate and lightly longitudinally carinate posteriorly. Median frontal carina present between antennal sockets and bifurcated posteriorly to delimit a glabrous triangular area beneath anterior ocellus. Lower face and clypeus entirely foveate- to punctate-rugose. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Gena foveate-rugose. Vertex foveate-reticulate; foveae often partially fused with each other longitudinally. Occiput glabrous; sparsely punctate with pubescence.

Anterior flange of pronotum carinate longitudinally. Anterior plate of pronotum before lateral pronotal carinae coarsely and densely punctate with pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially prominently raised into a peak, in lateral view distinctly higher than the highest point of mesoscutum. Pronotal crest distinctly raised and medially with a distinct triangular emargination. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area transversely costate, reaching to end of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum, but becoming almost indistinguishable from lateral surface as dorsal pronotal carina diminishes posteriorly. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Scutellar foveae divided by submedian longitudinal carinae weaker than median carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; sloping posteriorly; dorsal surface of mesoscutellum obliquely flat in lateral view. Posterior margin of mesoscutellum rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle distinctly depressed and pubescent. Upper mesopleuron glabrous except foveate at most anterior part; speculum glabrous. Longitudinal mesopleural impression percurrent with several more or less evenly distributed transverse costae. Lower mesopleuron glabrous. Metanotal-propodeal complex foveate-rugose with dense pubescence except upper metepisternum glabrous. Lateral propodeal carina curved laterally; median propodeal area with two transverse carinae; median longitudinal carina bifurcated posteriorly (behind the 2nd transverse carina).

Abdominal petiole 0.6 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.8∶1∶1∶2.5∶1∶0.8. T4–8 densely finely punctate; T6–8 also with a few slightly larger setigerous punctures set in one or two rows. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four slender, pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.75.

Diagnosis

The new species is similar to P. pronus, n.sp. but can be distinguished by the following characters: genae mostly foveate-rugose; mesoscutellum rounded posteriorly and without emargination; length of marginal cell 2.4 times width.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, China: Yunnan, Diqing, Chongjianghe (2300 m), 19984-VIII-4, D. Liao coll. (ZICA).

Distribution

China: Yunnan.

Diagnostic Characters

Body size large to relatively small. Antenna filiform, distinctly enlarged toward apex, and sometimes with the apical segment compressed. Female antenna has 13 segments with F1 distinctly longer than F2. All flagellomeres have placodes, which are short, not as long as the segments, and are densely distributed on each medial to distal segment. Median frontal carina varies in strength. Ocellar plate not well defined laterally by a carina and hardly raised. Eyes not or moderately protruding laterally beyond genae. Occiput glabrous. Pronotal crest moderately raised dorsomedially into broad process. Lateral surfaces of pronotum evenly curved anteroventrally, foveate-reticulate without secondary transverse costae and punctures, and not separated dorsomedially by an extended, less sculptured anterior area. Lateral pronotal carinae weak, present only in ventral two-thirds. Mesoscutum coarsely foveate-reticulate with rough and discontinuous transverse carinae. Mesoscutellum either raised posteriorly and forming a flat dorsal surface and a vertical posterior surface or sloped posteriorly without a distinct posterior vertical surface. Scutellar sulcus divided into two foveae by median longitudinal carina. Axillar area without conspicuous hair tuft. Mesopleural triangle ventrally marked by a smoothly curved or slightly sinuated carina. Upper mesopleural area areolate-reticulate to strongly carinate; speculum strongly or finely longitudinally carinate. Median mesopleural impression absent or present with multiple, equally strong vertical carinae in posterior half. Metepisternum irregularly foveate to areolate in upper half and pubescent ventrally. Dorsoapical dents of metatibia short and blunt; first metatarsomere without apical protuberance. Lateral propodeal carinae incomplete and not raised into strong keel or process; posterior half of propodeum including median propodeal area alveolate-reticulate. Metatarsomere 1 longer than the combined length of mt2–5. Metasoma strongly to moderately compressed laterally. Tergum 7 of female with posterior margin curved dorsolaterally, distinctly exposing T8, and T8 with sparse coarse punctures with hairs.

Paramblynotus mixtus, new species

Female

Length 4 mm. Body entirely dark; antennae and legs dark brown. Wings clear. 1tm/2–5tm  =  1.1.

Head, in profile, medially not distinctly raised anteriorly. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Median frontal carina low, dorsally slightly flattened, bifurcated posteriorly to delimit a glabrous triangular area below anterior ocellus, and ventrally extended in lower face to the level of lower margin of eye. Eye extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Upper face foveate laterally; antennal scrobe foveate rugose. Lower face and clypeus entirely foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus straight, not forming smoothly curved arch. Gena foveate-reticulate. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior plate of pronotum before lateral pronotal carinae densely punctate with pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially distinctly raised, in lateral view height as highest point of mesoscutum. Pronotal crest distinct and medially without emargination. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, nearly meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area foveate, reaching only to middle of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Scutellar foveae subdivided by submedian longitudinal carinae weaker than median carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; sloping posteriorly in lateral view; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally defined by a smoothly curved carina; upper mesopleuron irregularly foveolate-reticulate; median impression percurrent with several vertical carinae; speculum with distinct longitudinal carinae. Metanotal-propodeal complex coarsely foveate-rugose with dense pubescence except nude in upper metepisternum. Lateral propodeal carina indistinguishable except anteriorly; median propodeal area areolate/foveate-reticulate. Rs+M of forewing arising from basal vein at posterior third.

Abdominal petiole 0.4 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.7∶1∶1∶0.9∶0.15∶0.4. T4–8 densely finely punctate; T8 also with a few slightly larger setigerous punctures set in one row. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four slender, pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  1.0.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus mixtus is distinctly different from the other two species of yangambicolus group in a number of characters. Antennae are not laterally compressed distally though enlarged toward apex; median frontal carina ventrally extended almost to clypeus in lower face. Antennal scrobe coarsely rugose. Eye prominent, protruding beyond gena. Mesoscutum anteriorly curved in lateral view; mesoscutellum sloped strongly posteriorly; mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by a smoothly curved carina; upper mesopleuron irregularly foveolate-reticulate; speculum with distinct and rather strong longitudinal carinae. Wings clear; marginal cell of forewing only slightly longer than submarginal cell. Metasoma oval in profile, almost as long as head and mesosoma combined; terga 3–6 subequal in size dorsally; metasomal sterna 4–6 entirely covered by sternum 3.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Kenya, Ukunda, 1968-I-24, K.V. Krombein coll. (USNM).

Distribution

Kenya: Ukunda.

Etymology

From Latin, mixtus, mingled. The name describes the species' possession of a number of obviously plesiomorphic characters that are more frequently found in the other species groups.

Paramblynotus yangambicolus (Benoit, 1956)

Female

Length 6–9 mm. Head, antennae, mesosoma, and legs black; metasoma pale yellow. Wings ferruginous with marginal cell somewhat darker. 1mt/2–5mt  = 1.4.

Head, in profile, medially distinctly raised anteriorly. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Median frontal carina simple and present only between upper margin of antennal sockets to anterior ocellus. Eye laterally not extended beyond outer margin of gena. Upper face glabrous-punctate laterally; antennal scrobe longitudinally carinate. Lower face entirely foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits indistinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus straight, not forming smoothly curved arch. Clypeus rugose. Gena foveate-reticulate and vertically rugose. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum longitudinally carinate; anterior plate of pronotum glabrate anteriorly and punctate/foveate with pubescence posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially distinctly raised, in lateral view distinctly higher than highest point of mesoscutum. Pronotal crest prominent and medially without emargination. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, not reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate, with slightly glabrate posterior area. Dorsal pronotal area distinctly present only to posterior two-thirds of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum and distinctly transversely carinate anteriorly (carination faint posteriorly). Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Scutellar foveae not subdivided by submedian longitudinal carinae. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posteriorly raised and projected into a truncate lamella with a slight emargination in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally defined by a rather smoothly curved carina; upper mesopleuron longitudinally carinate; median impression at least partly absent; speculum finely longitudinally carinate. Metanotal-propodeal complex coarsely foveate-rugose with dense pubescence. Lateral propodeal carina distinct anteriorly and inseparable from the longitudinal carinae posteriorly; median propodeal area areolate-reticulate, with a distinct transverse carina across middle. Rs+M of forewing arising from basal vein at middle.

Abdominal petiole 0.3 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.5∶1∶1∶1.8∶0.5∶0.25. T4–8 densely finely punctate; T8 also with a few slightly larger setigerous punctures set in one row. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four stout, pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  1.5.

Materials Examined

6♀♀: MRAC, 1♀(T); NHM, 5♀♀.

Distribution

Zaire: Yangambi; Uganda: Mpanga, Itwala Forest, and Kawanda.

Biology

Benoit (1956) stated in his original description of the species that the holotype was captured on a dead tree trunk of Drypetes gossweileri, which belongs to Euphorbiaceae. The two specimens from Mpanga, Uganda, bear labels reading “Lepidoptera”; the two specimens from Itwala Forest, Uganda, bear labels reading “ex. Coleoptera”.

Paramblynotus alveolatus, new species

Female

Length 10 mm. Head, antennae, mesosoma, and legs black; metasoma brown. Wings ferruginous with marginal cell somewhat darker. 1mt/2–5mt  = 1.62.

Head, in profile, medially not distinctly raised anteriorly. Vertex foveate-reticulate; some foveae fused with each other longitudinally. Median frontal carina simple and present only between antennal sockets and anterior ocellus. Eye laterally not extended beyond outer margin of gena. Upper face including antennal scrobe longitudinally carinate. Lower face entirely foveate-rugose with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits indistinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus straight, not forming smoothly curved arch. Clypeus foveate-rugose. Gena finely vertically carinate-foveate and otherwise glabrate foveate-reticulate. Occiput glabrous with setigerous punctures.

Anterior flange of pronotum longitudinally carinate; anterior plate of pronotum glabrate anteriorly and punctate/foveate with pubescence posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially distinctly raised, in lateral view distinctly higher than highest point of mesoscutum. Pronotal crest prominent and medially without emargination. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, not reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate, and also slightly glabrate posteriorly. Dorsal pronotal area complete to end of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum and distinctly transversely carinate; carination fine anteriorly and coarser posteriorly. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Scutellar foveae not subdivided by submedian longitudinal carinae. Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posteriorly raised and projected into a truncate lamella. Mesopleural triangle ventrally not well defined by smoothly curved carina; upper mesopleuron longitudinally carinate; median impression percurrent; speculum with distinct longitudinal carinae; lower mesopleuron densely punctate and pubescent. Metanotal-propodeal complex coarsely foveate-rugose with dense pubescence. Lateral propodeal carina distinct anteriorly and inseparable from the longitudinal carinae posteriorly; median propodeal area areolate-reticulate. Rs+M of forewing arising from basal vein at middle.

Abdominal petiole 0.3 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 2∶1∶1∶3∶0.5∶0.2; T4–8 densely finely punctate; T8 also with a few slightly larger setigerous punctures. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four stout, apically round teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  2.0.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus alveolatus is most similar to P. yangambicolus, but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: head in profile medially not distinctly raised anteriorly; median impression of mesopleuron distinct, not obscured by the extension of the longitudinal carinae of upper pleuron; apical teeth of metatibia stout and apically rounded; 1mt/2–5mt  =  2.0.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Cameroon, 1898–1899, La Conradt coll. (MNCN).

Distribution

Cameroon.

Etymology

From Latin, alveus, cavity. The name refers to the alveolate sculpture on dorsal surface of the propleuron, which is characteristic of the yangambicolus group.

Diagnostic Characters

Body relatively small. Antenna cylindrical, usually enlarged toward apex. Female antenna 12- or 13-segmented with F1 shorter than or equal to F2. Placodes of antennal flagellomeres are as long as the segments, relatively evenly spaced, and roughly parallel with each other. Male antennae 14-segmented with 1st flagellomere sinuate laterally. Antennal scrobes are usually defined by distinct lateral carinae. Median frontal carina usually present but sometimes absent. Eyes moderately protruding, laterally always beyond genae (fig. 38). Occiput glabrous. Submedian depression of pronotum laterally open. Pronotal crest not raised dorsomedially (fig. 39), only occasionally raised into a very small but distinct triangular process. Lateral surfaces of pronotum evenly curved anteroventrally, foveate-reticulate without secondary transverse costae and punctures, and dorsomedially separated or not by an extended, less sculptured anterior area (fig. 39). Lateral pronotal carinae weak, not extended to meet pronotal crest. Mesoscutum strongly convex dorsally, foveate-reticulate or transversely carinate with foveae set in rows (fig. 39). Mesoscutellum strongly sloped posteriorly without a distinct posterior vertical surface and foveate-reticulate dorsally. Scutellar sulcus divided into two foveae by median longitudinal carina, or less frequently, divided into several foveae by several submedian longitudinal carinae. Axillar area distinct, but no conspicuous hair tuft. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by a smoothly curved carina. Upper mesopleural area glabrous or sculptured; speculum usually glabrous but sometimes longitudinally carinate. Median mesopleural impression present with multiple, equally strong vertical carinae. Metepisternum foveate to areolate in upper half, pubescent in lower part, and more often than not with a medial elevated glabrous area (fig. 39). Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent and not raised into strong keel or process; median propodeal carina distinctly percurrent (sometimes indistinct) (fig. 41). Metasoma of female moderately compressed laterally; oval in lateral view and about the same length as head and mesosoma combined. Tergum 6 usually much larger than previous ones dorsally. Tergum 7 of female with posterior margin curved or not dorsolaterally, hence exposing or covering T8 (fig. 44). Sometimes T5 conspicuously expanded dorsally to become larger than T6 dorsally, pushing T6 backward to cover T7 entirely. T6–8 with or without sparse coarse punctures with hairs. Metasomal T5 of male conspicuously enlarged and by far largest among all. Apical teeth of metatibia long and pointed (fig. 42). First metatarsomere without apical protuberance and shorter than the combined length of the mt2–5. First metatarsomere without apical protuberance.

Paramblynotus prinslooi, new species

Female

Length 4.5 mm. Head, antennae, and mesosoma mostly black; mandibles, upper part of lateral surface of pronotum, propodeum, metasoma, and legs red brown. Wings clear.

Head strongly compressed longitudinally, occiput only slightly concave in dorsal view. Ocellar plate not obviously raised and not defined laterally by carinae. Antennal scrobe not defined by lateral carinae. Upper face glabrous and punctate-foveate entirely. Median frontal carina only shortly present between antennal sockets and two lateral carinae branching from it at level of upper margin of antennal socket toward (reaching or not) posterior ocellus. Vertex glabrous; sparsely punctate anteriorly and rather densely foveate posteriorly. Eye prominent, laterally extended much beyond outer margin of gena. Lower face entirely punctate-foveate-rugose with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Clypeus foveate-reticulate. Gena glabrous and moderately densely foveate/punctate. Occiput glabrous with setigerous punctures.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrate; anterior plate of pronotum foveate-reticulate with pubescence, and posteriorly also longitudinally carinate. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised. Pronotal crest medially without emargination. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate, and also somewhat glabrate posteriorly and ventrally. Dorsal pronotal area glabrous and complete to end of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate, not transversely costate. Scutellar sulcus divided by several submedian longitudinal carinae. Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posteriorly sloping gradually. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina; upper mesopleuron foveate-reticulate; median impression percurrent with evenly spaced transverse carinae; speculum elevated and glabrous. Metanotal-propodeal complex coarsely foveate-rugose with dense pubescence. Propodeum not protruding posteriorly; postsubpleuron short. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, distinctly curved medially, and forming a right angle with dorsal surface of nucha in lateral view; median propodeal carina percurrent and crossed by two transverse carinae. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from basal vein at posterior two-thirds. Marginal and submarginal cells of forewing short; marginal cell 1.65 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R₁ distinct.

Abdominal petiole 0.3 times as long as wide in lateral view. Posterior margin of T7 of metasoma concave, exposing T8. Relative length of T3–8: 1.8∶1∶1.4∶4.2∶0.8∶0.8; T4–8 densely finely punctate; T6–8 also with a band of larger setigerous punctures. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except femora sparsely so and metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four long, slender, apically pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.45.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus prinslooi is unique among all species of Paramblynotus in (1) head strongly compressed longitudinally, occiput only slightly concave in dorsal view, and (2) propodeum not protruding posteriorly with lateral propodeal carinae forming a right angle with dorsal surface of nucha in lateral view; postsubpleuron short. This species is also unique among other species of the trisetosus group in (1) vertex, upper face, and genae glabrate-punctate with hairs; (2) mesoscutum foveate, without transverse costae; and (3) upper mesopleuron densely punctate with hairs in anterior half.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, South Africa, De Wildt, 1979-iv, G.L. Prinsloo coll. (PPRI).

Distribution

South Africa.

Etymology

The species is named after its collector Gerhard Prinsloo.

Paramblynotus nigricornis Benoit, 1956

Female

Length 3 mm. Head and mesosoma black; antenna, legs, and metasoma brown. Wings clear.

Antenna 13-segmented with apical flagellomere less than twice the length of the subapical flagellomere. Ocellar plate distinctly raised. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Antennal scrobes longitudinally carinate above and glabrous below. Gena coarsely sculptured, rugose to rugulose. Clypeus diagonally carinate. Pronotal crest medially not raised into a triangular process. Upper mesopleuron foveate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a several longitudinal carinae. Metepisternum alveolate to rugose with dense pubescence in lower part, without elevated glabrous area. T6 of female metasoma the largest among all terga, lateral margin of T7 concave, T8 distinctly exposed. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.65.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus nigricornis forms a distinct, monophyletic clade with P. samiatus, P. claripennis, P. maculipennis, and P. townesorum within the trisetosus group. They are easily separated from the rest of the species group by (1) ocellar plate distinctly raised; (2) T6 of female metasoma the largest, lateral margin of T7 concave, T8 distinctly exposed; (3) gena coarsely sculptured, rugose to rugulose; and (4) metepisternum without elevated nude area. Among the five species, P. nigricornis and P. claripennis are separated from the rest by having clear wings. In addition, P. nigricornis is unique among the five species in that it has 13-segmented antenna with apical flagellomere less than twice the length of the subapical one.

Material Examined

MRAC: 1♀ (holotype, one antenna and wings from one side are mounted on separate slide).

Distribution

Zaire: Kivu.

Paramblynotus samiatus, new species

Female

Length 2.8 mm. Head and mesosoma dark; antenna, legs, and metasoma dark brown. Wings transparent; forewing with marginal and submarginal cells ferruginous.

Vertex foveate-reticulate and longitudinally carinate. Eye prominent, laterally extended much beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and defined laterally by an irregular carina lined along interior side by a row of irregular foveae. Upper face punctate-rugose laterally; antennal scrobe mostly longitudinally carinate and glabrous anteriorly, and laterally defined by a carina. Median frontal carina absent. Lower face entirely foveate-reticulate with pubescence and longitudinally carinate. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Clypeus diagonally carinate. Gena glabrate-foveate and horizontally rugose in middle third. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior plate of pronotum foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially raised into a small, triangular process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, continuous dorsomedially, but not reaching pronotal crest. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area weakly carinate diagonally, narrowing posteriorly to reach to about two-thirds of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate, foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median and two submedian longitudinal carinae. Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; sloping gradually posteriorly. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina; upper mesopleuron glabrous; median longitudinal impression percurrent with evenly spaced transverse carinae; speculum glabrous. Metanotal-propodeal complex areolate-punctate-rugose with metepisternum distinctly longitudinally rugose in upper part. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, smoothly curved medially; median longitudinal propodeal carina percurrent and crossed by two transverse carinae. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from basal vein at anterior third. Marginal cell 2.0 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R₁ present.

Abdominal petiole 0.5 times as long as wide in lateral view. Posterior margin of T7 of metasoma only slightly concave, exposing T8 as a small triangle. Relative length of T3–8: 1.5∶1∶1.3∶3.0∶0.6∶0.4; T4 sparsely finely punctate; T5–8 densely finely punctate; T6–8 also with a band of larger setigerous punctures. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except femora sparsely so and metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four slender, apically pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.65.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus samiatus differs from all othe other species of the P. nigricornis clade in that its upper mesopleuron is entirely glabrous.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, South Africa, Zululand, Eshowe, 1925-IV-1–22, R.E. Turner coll. (NHM).

Distribution

South Africa: Zululand.

Etymology

From Latin, samio, to polish. The name is coined to describe the glabrous nature of its upper mesopleuron.

Paramblynotus claripennis, new species

Female

Length 3.0 mm. Head and mesosoma black; antenna and metasoma light brown; legs dark brown. Wings entirely transparent with marginal cell slightly ferruginous.

Antenna 12-segmented. Vertex entirely longitudinally carinate with foveae set between the carinae. Eye prominent, laterally extended much beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and defined laterally by a carina lined along interior side by a row of irregular foveae. Upper face asperous laterally; antennal scrobe longitudinally carinate posteriorly and glabrous anteriorly, and laterally defined by lateral carinae; lateral carinae delimiting ocellar plate extended beyond lower margin of antennal sockets. Median frontal carina present briefly. Lower face roughly foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Clypeus longitudinally rugose. Gena horizontally carinate-rugose with foveae. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior plate of pronotum coarsely punctate with pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially raised into a small, triangular process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, not reaching pronotal crest. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with secondary transverse carination. Dorsal pronotal area foveate, narrowing posteriorly and present along whole length of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate, foveae set in rows between irregular transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median and several submedian longitudinal carinae. Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum areolate-reticulate; sloping gradually posteriorly, but less so posteromedially. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina; upper mesopleuron coarsely punctate in anterior half; median longitudinal impression percurrent with evenly spaced transverse carinae; speculum glabrous. Metanotal-propodeal complex areolate-punctate-rugose with metepisternum largely areolate-reticulate, and densely pubescent in lower part. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, slightly curved medially; median propodeal carina percurrent; median propodeal area otherwise areolate-reticulate. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.0 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.5 times as long as wide in lateral view. Posterior margin of T7 of metasoma only slightly concave, only exposing T8 as a small triangle. Relative length of T3–8: 2.0∶1.0∶1.0∶4.0∶1.0∶0.8; T3–5 glabrous; T6 very finely punctate posterior on half and glabrous anteriorly; T7–8 densely punctate; T6–8 also with small cluster of larger setigerous punctures. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except femora sparsely so and metacoxa dorsally glabrous.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus claripennis differs from all othe other species of the P. nigricornis clade except P. nigricornis by its entirely clear wings. It can be further distinquished from P. nigricornis by its entirely carinate vertex, 12-segmented antenna with apical flagellomere more than twice as long as the subapical, and median triangular process raised from pronotal crest.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Uganda, Mpanga, 1960-V-20, K.W. Brown coll. (NHM).

Distribution

Uganda: Mpanga.

Biology

Collection label with the holotype reads “ex Coleoptera”.

Etymology

From Latin, claro, bright, and penna, wing. The name describes its entirely transparent wings.

Paramblynotus maculipennis, new species

Female

Length 3.5 mm. Head, antenna, and mesosoma black; metasoma brown; legs dark brown. Wings lightly smoky with marginal and submarginal cells deeply ferruginous.

Antenna 12-segmented. Vertex foveate-reticulate with subordinate longitudinal carinate component. Eye prominent, laterally extended much beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and defined laterally by a carina; lateral carina delimiting ocellar plate extended beyond lower margin of antennal sockets; ocellar plate longitudinally carinate anterior to anterior ocellus. Upper face longitudinally carinate laterally; antennal scrobe longitudinally carinate posteriorly and glabrous anteriorly, and laterally defined by lateral carinae. Median frontal carina present from anterior ocellus to slightly beyong lower margin of antennal sockets. Lower face coarsely foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits indistinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus straight. Clypeus longitudinally carinate. Gena asperous and punctate, with short horizontal carinae close to eye. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior plate of pronotum coarsely punctate with pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially raised into a small, triangular process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area foveate, indistinctly transversely carinate, complete along whole length of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum, narrowing posteriorly. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with short, indistinct transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided only by median longitudinal carinae. Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum areolate-reticulate, slightly sloping posteriorly; posterior margin of mesoscutellum truncate. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina. Upper mesopleuron almost entirely coarsely foveoate-reticulate except speculum glabrous; median impression percurrent with evenly spaced transverse carinae. Metanotal-propodeal complex areolate-punctate-rugose with metepisternum largely areolate-reticulate and densely pubscent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, slightly curved medially; median propodeal area with a percurrent median longitudinal carina crossed by a transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing distinct, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.3 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R₁ present.

Abdominal petiole 0.7 times as long as wide in lateral view. Posterior margin of T7 of metasoma only slightly concave, exposing T8 as a small triangle. Relative length of T3–8: 1.7∶1.0∶1.0∶4.0∶0.8∶0.6; T3–5 glabrous; T6 very finely punctate on posterior half and glabrous anteriorly; T7–8 densely punctate; T6–8 also with small cluster of larger setigerous punctures. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four slender, apically pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.7.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus maculipennis can be easily separted from P. nigricornis by its maculate forewings and 12-segmented antennae, from P. samiatus by its foveate-rugose upper mesopleuron, and from P. townesorum by its small triangular process raised from pronotal process and scutellar sulcus divided by only median longtitudinal carina.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Zaire, Kivu (Goma Borob lac Kiou), 1987-IX-20–22, Ph. Bruneau de Mire coll. (IRCT).

Distribution

Zaire: Kivu.

Etymology

From Latin, macula, mark, and penna, wing. The name describes the species' maculate forewing.

Paramblynotus townesorum, new species

Female

Length 3.0 mm. Head and mesosoma black; antenna dark brown; legs and metasoma brown. Wings transparent, forewing with marginal cell ferruginous.

Antenna 12-segmented. Vertex foveate-reticulate with indistinct subordinate longitudinal carinate component. Eye prominent, laterally extended beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and defined laterally by a carina; lateral carina delimiting ocellar plate extended to lower margin of antennal sockets and lined by a row of foveae along interior side; ocellar plate longitudinally carinate with a few sacttered foveae before to anterior ocellus and foveate posteriorly. Upper face shagreened laterally; antennal scrobe longitudinally carinate posteriorly and glabrate anteriorly, and defined laterally by a carina. Median frontal carina present very briefly below lower margin of antennal sockets and posteriorly bifurcated to seclude a small, glabrous triangular area beneath anterior ocellus. Lower face coarsely foveate-punctate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Clypeus transversely carinate and punctate. Gena longitudinally rugose and densely punctate-foveate. Occiput mostly obliquely carinate and glabrous only medially.

Anterior flange of pronotum very finely transversely carinate. Submedian pronotal depressions large, medially partially fused. Anterior plate of pronotum coarsely punctate with pubescence; punctures set in rows. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially raised into a small, apically rounded triangular process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area coarsely foveate, indistinctly transversely carinate; complete along whole length of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum, narrowing posteriorly; delimited from lateral surface by a distinct carina only in posterior half. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate, with short, indistinct transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by several longitudinal carinae. Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum areolate-reticulate and transversely costate; sloping posteriorly; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina. Upper mesopleuron foveoate anteriorly and glabrous posteriorly; speculum glabrous; median impression percurrent with evenly spaced transverse carinae. Metanotal-propodeal complex areolate-rugose; metepisternum areolate-reticulate and nude above and densely pubescent ventrally; propodeum densely pubescent. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, slightly curved medially; median propodeal area foveate-punctate with a percurrent median longitudinal carina. Rs+M of forewing distinct, arising from posterior two-fifths of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.4 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R₁ present.

Abdominal petiole 0.8 times as long as wide in lateral view. Posterior margin of T7 of metasoma slightly concave, exposing T8 as a small triangle. Relative length of T3–8: 2.2∶1.0∶1.0∶3.0∶0.8∶0.3; T3–4 glabrous; T5–7 very finely punctate; T6 aslo with a row of sparse pubescence; T7–8 sparsely pubescent entirely. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four slender, apically pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.75.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus townesorum is unique among the species of the trisetosus group in having occiput mostly obliquely carinate. It is similar to P. nigricornis, but it can be further separated from the latter by having 12-segmented antenna in female and ferruginous marginal cell in forewing.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, South Africa: Port St. Johns, 1970-XII-12, H. and M. Townes, deposited in the American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, FL (AEI).

Distribution

South Africa: Port St. Johns.

Etymology

The species is named after the collectors of the species, the late Hymenoptera taxonomist Henry Townes and M. Townes.

Paramblynotus coxatus, new species

Female

Length 3.6 mm. Body entirely dark brown to black, legs dark brown. Antenna yellow with apical three flagellomeres black. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.6.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum distinctly thicker apically; median flagellomeres slightly constricted toward ends. Vertex foveate reticulate; with only very weak longitudinal carinate component. Eye laterally slightly extended beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and defined laterally by a carina; lateral carina delimiting ocellar plate extended to lower margin of antennal sockets and lined by a row of foveae along interior side; ocellar plate foveate-reticulate. Upper face densely punctate and longitudinally rugose laterally; antennal scrobe densely punctate and laterally defined by lateral carina. Median frontal carina present from anterior ocellus and upper fourth of lower face. Lower face roughly foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus almost form a rectangle. Clypeus longitudinally carinate and punctate. Gena foveate-reticulate and slightly longitudinally rugose. Occiput glabrous with sparse pubescence.

Anterior flange of pronotum obliquely carinate. Submedian pronotal depressions large, medially partially fused. Anterior plate of pronotum densely punctate with pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, not meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrous; only present to middle of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum and becoming narrower posteriorly; delimited from lateral surface by a distinct carina. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally, foveate-reticulate, foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single longitudinal median carina. Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum areolate-reticulate and transversely rugose; sloping posteriorly; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle defined ventrally by smoothly curved carina. Upper mesopleuron, including speculum, glabrous with a few shallow setigerous punctures anteriorly; median longitudinal impression percurrent with evenly spaced transverse carinae. Metepisternum foveate-reticulate, nude above, with a small elevated glabrous area medially, and pubescent ventrally. Lateral area of propodeum without pubescence, areolate-reticulate anteriorly, and longitudinally rugose posteriorly; lateral propodeal carina percurrent, distinctly curved medially; median propodeal area foveate-punctate with a percurrent median propodeal carina and a weaker parallel submedian carina on each side crossed by a transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing distinct, arising from posterior two-thirds of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.3 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.5 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–7: 1.6∶1.0∶1.3∶3.0∶1.4; T3–5 glabrous; T6 with a row of setigerous punctures; T7 entirely finely punctate with a row of setigerous punctures. T8 completely covered by T7. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metacoxa prominently expanded anteroventrally into a lobular process. Metatibia apically with four small, thin, apically pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.62.

Male

Unknown.

Within the trisetosus group, P. coxatus forms a distinct monophyletic clade, the trisetosus clade, with P. fuscapiculus, rwandensis, trisetosus, zairensis, cameroonensis, kekenboschi, jacksoni, and carinatus. This clade differs from the other species of the trisetosus species group in that (1) upper mesopleuron and speculum glabrous; (2) posterior margin of T7 of female metasoma not emarginate, covering T8 entirely; and (3) metepisternum with a median nude, glabrous area. P. coxatus differs from all other Paramblynotus species by the presence of anteroventral lobular expansion on its metacoxa and a vertical impression along the posterior margin of the lower mesopleuron. Otherwise, this species is very close to P. fuscapiculus.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, South Africa: Natal, 1982-I-10–15, J. Londt coll. (CNCI).

Distribution

South Africa: Natal.

Etymology

From Latin, coxa, coxa. The name coined for its unique coxa feature of anteroventral lobular expansion.

Paramblynotus fuscapiculus, new species

figures 38–44

Female

Length 2.8–4.0 mm. Body entirely black except antennae and legs. Antennae yellow with the apical, sometimes also the subapical flagellomeres, black. Legs yellow. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.61.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum distinctly thicker apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate; with very weak longitudinal carinate component. Eye laterally slightly extended beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and defined laterally by a carina; lateral carina of ocellar plate meeting median frontal carina above antennal sockets and lined by a row of irregular foveae along interior side; ocellar plate foveate-reticulate; median frontal carina present from anterior ocellus and antennal sockets. Upper face foveate laterally; antennal scrobe densely punctate and laterally defined by lateral carina. Lower face foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus almost form a rectangle. Clypeus foveate. Gena foveate-reticulate (figs. 38, 40). Occiput glabrous with sparse pubescence (fig. 40).

Anterior flange of pronotum finely obliquely carinate. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous anteriorly and densely punctate with pubescence posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, almost meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate (fig. 39). Dorsal pronotal area glabrous, complete to end of posterior margin of pronotum, but very narrow posteriorly, and separated from lateral surface by a distinct carina throughout. Mesoscutum dorsally distinctly arched, foveate-reticulate, foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by three parallel, longitudinal carinae. Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum areolate-reticulate and transversely costate; sloping posteriorly; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view (fig. 41). Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with conspicuous white pubescence. Upper mesopleuron, including speculum glabrous; median longitudinal impression percurrent with evenly spaced transverse carinae. Metepisternum foveate-reticulate and nude above, with a small elevated glabrous area medially, and pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and strongly curved medially; median propodeal area areolate-reticulate (fig. 41). Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from posterior three-fifths of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.4 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.3 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–7: 1.6∶1.0∶1.0∶2.0∶0.6; T3–4 glabrous; T5 with very finely punctate; T6 entirely finely punctate except anteriorly and with a row of setigerous punctures; T7 entirely punctate with narrow band of pubescence. T8 completely covered by T7 (fig. 44). All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four small, thin, apically pointed teeth (figs. 42, 43). 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.8.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus fuscapiculus is very similar to P. coxatus and differs from the latter in (1) metacoxa not expanded anteroventrolly and (2) scutellar sulcus with submedian longitudinal carinae. P. fuscapiculus differs from all other species of the trisetosus clade except P. coxatus by its antennal flagellum of female being distinctly thicker apically and median flagellomeres not constricted toward ends.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, South Africa, Cape Province, Alexandria, 1962-II-22 (Acc. P.E. 857) (PPRI). Paratypes: 4♀♀ (PPRI), collection data as holotype; 2♀♀, collection data as holotype (ZMLU-MS).

Additional Material

2♀♀, South Africa, Royal Natal National Park, 1971-I-30, H. and M. Townes coll.; 2♀♀, South Africa: Pretoria (Transval), 1971-I-9, H. and M. Townes coll. (AEI); 1♀, South Africa, Clarens (28.34S, 28.28E), 1986-I-15–18, J.S. Donaldson coll. (PPRI); 1♀, South Africa, Port St. John, Bondoland, 1923-XI, and 1♀, Zimbabwe, Salisbury (Chishawasha), 1979-IX, A. Watsham coll. (NHM).

Distribution

South Africa; Zimbabwe: Salisbury.

Etymology

From Latin, fuscus, dark, and apex, tip. The name describes the species' yellow antenna with black apex.

Paramblynotus rwandensis, new species

Female

Length 3.0 mm. Head, pronotum, mesoscutm, and mesoscutellum yellow brown; other part of mesosoma and metasoma dark brown to black. Antennal flagellum black; scape and pedicel yellow. Legs light yellow except metacoxa and femur dark. Wings completely clear. Head, mesosoma except mesopleuron, and legs except metafemoral grooves with rather dense silver hairs.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum slightly thicker apically; median flagellomeres constricted both proximally and apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye laterally distinctly extended beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and defined laterally by a carina lined by a row of foveae along interior side; ocellar plate foveate-reticulate. Upper face foveate/punctate laterally; antennal scrobe laterally defined by lateral carina, and mostly densely punctate and longitudinally carinate laterally and posteriorly. Median frontal carina absent. Lower face foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus almost form an arch. Clypeus foveate. Gena foveate-reticulate mostly and rugose vertically. Occiput glabrous with sparse pubescence.

Anterior flange of pronotum finely longitudinally carinate. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous anteriorly and densely punctate with pubescence posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially raised into a small triangular, apically rounded process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate; only distinctly present to anterior one-eighth of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum dorsally distinctly arched, foveate, and with foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina and two weaker submedian carinae. Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum areolate-reticulate; sloping posteriorly; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with conspicuous gold-tinted pubescence. Upper mesopleuron, including speculum, glabrous with a few shallow setigerous punctures anteriorly; median impression percurrent, glabrous anteriorly, and with evenly spaced transverse carinae in posterior half. Metepisternum foveate-reticulate and nude above, with a small elevated glabrous area medially, and pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and strongly curved medially; median propodeal area areolate-reticulate. Rs+M of forewing nebulous proximally, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.0 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.8 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–7: 1.8∶1.0∶1.2∶3.0∶1.2; T3–5 glabrous; T6 entirely finely punctate except anteriorly and with a row of setigerous punctures; T7 entirely punctate with narrow band of pubescence. T8 completely covered by T7. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa glabrous dorsally. Metatibia apically with four small, thin, apically pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.85.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus rwandensis is similar to P. cameroonensis, but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: antennal scrobes distinctly depressed; mesoscutum transversely costate with foveae set in between; head, pronotum, mesonotum, and mesoscutellum red brown; antenna black except basal two segments yellow; lateral occipital carinae not crestlike; and median propodeal area areolate-reticulate.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Rwanda, Nyungwe Forest (2°46′10″S, 29°21′09″E, primary rainforest), 1993-IX-22–24, T. Munyampiwa coll. (CNCI).

Distribution

Rwanda.

Etymology

The species is named after type locality.

Paramblynotus trisetosus Benoit, 1956

Female

Length 2.1 mm. Body entirely dark brown, antenna and legs yellow brown. Wings clear; marginal and submarginal cells of forewing slightly smoky.

Antenna 13-segmented. Vertex foveate-reticulate with distinct longitudinal carinate component. Antennal scrobes glabrate. Median frontal carina weakly present in upper part of lower face. Anterior tentorial pits invisible. Marginal cell of forewing 2.2 times as long as wide; Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Relative length of T3–7: 1.8∶1.0∶1.1∶3.0∶1.0. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.53.

Paramblynotus trisetosus differs from the other species of the trisetosus clade by its ocellar plate laterally not defined by a distinct carina.

Material Examined

1♀, Zaire, Bambesa, 1947-I, P.L.G. Benoit coll. (holotype, MRAC). One antenna and wings from one side are mounted on separate slides.

Distribution

Zaire.

Paramblynotus zairensis, new species

Female

Length 2.5 mm. Body entirely dark brown, except legs yellow to yellow brown. Wings clear.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum thicker apically; median flagellomeres constricted both proximally and apically. Vertex entirely longitudinally carinate. Eye laterally distinctly extended beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and defined laterally by a carina; lateral carina of ocellar plate meeting median frontal carina above antennal sockets and lined by a row of irregular foveae along interior side; ocellar plate glabrate anteriorly except for the foveae along lateral carinae and longtitudinally carinate posteriorly. Upper face, including antennal scrobes, glarous; antennal scrobe laterally defined by lateral carina. Median frontal carina present weakly from between antennal sockets to upper third of lower face. Lower face foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus almost form an arch. Clypeus foveate. Gena areolate-rugose. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous. Anterior plate of pronotum mostly glabrous except densely punctate with pubescence posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area transversely costate; almost complete to end of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with indistinct transverse costae posteriorly. Mesoscutum dorsally distinctly arched, areolate-reticulate with indistinct transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina. Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum areolate-reticulate; sloping posteriorly; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with white pubescence. Upper mesopleuron, including speculum, glabrous; median longitudinal impression present with transverse carinae posteriorly and reduced anteriorly. Metepisternum foveate-reticulate and nude above, with a small elevated glabrous area medially, and pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and distinctly curved medially; median propodeal area areolate-reticulate with a percurrent median longitudinal carina. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.0 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R₁ weakly present.

Abdominal petiole 0.8 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–7: 1.5∶1.0∶1.0∶3.5∶1.0; T3–6 glabrous; T7 sparsely punctate with a few setigerous punctures. T8 completely covered by T7. Front and middle legs sparsely punctate with pubescence; hindleg rather densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa sparsely punctate with pubescence. Metatibia apically with four small, thin, apically pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.60.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus zairensis is similar to P. carinatus and P. kekenboschi in vertex with longitudinal carination as the dominant sculpture. P. zairensis and P. kekenboschi are further separated from P. carinatus by (1) median frontal carina extended only to upper third of lower face and (2) ocellar plate laterally defined by simple carinae. P. zairensis is distinquished from P. kekenboschi by (1) lateral propodeal carinae nearly parallel and (2) nucha dorsally glabrate.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Zaire, P.N.A, Massif Ruwenzori Kalonge (2,210 m), 1952-VIII-26–28, P. Vanschuytbroeck and J. Kekenbosch coll. (NHM).

Additional Material

1♀, Zaire, P.N.U., R. Kenia (affl. dr. Lusinga, 1,585 m), 1947-XII-19, G.F. de Witte coll. (NHM).

Distribution

Zaire.

Etymology

The species is named after the type locality.

Paramblynotus cameroonensis, new species

Female

Length 2.0 mm. Body brown. Antennae and legs yellow. Head, mesosoma except mesopleuron, and legs except metafemoral grooves with rather dense silver hairs. Wings clear.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum thicker apically; median flagellomeres constricted both proximally and apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate with longitudinal carinate component. Eye laterally distinctly extended beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and defined laterally by a carina; lateral carina of ocellar plate meeting median frontal carina above antennal sockets and lined by a row of irregular foveae at interior side; ocellar plate foveate-reticulate. Upper face, including antennal scrobes, glabrate and weakly foveate-reticulate; antennal scrobe indistinctly depressed and laterally defined by lateral carina. Median frontal carina present weakly from between antennal sockets to level of lower margin of eyes. Lower face irregularly foveate-reticulate with long pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus almost form an arch. Clypeus punctate. Gena foveate-reticulate anteriorly and longitudinally costate posteriorly. Lateral occipital carina very developed, crestlike. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrate with faint transverse striation. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous mostly and punctate with pubescence posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrous, narrow, and complete to end of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally and nearly foveate-reticulate with indistinct transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate and sloped posteriorly; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with white pubescence. Upper mesopleuron, including speculum, glabrous; median longitudinal impression percurrent with evenly distributed transverse carinae; lower mesopleuron glabrous and pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum foveate-reticulate and nude above, with a small elevated glabrous area medially, and pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and strongly curved medially; median propodeal area glabrate with a percurrent median longitudinal carina. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from posterior middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.5 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R₁ weakly present.

Abdominal petiole 0.4 times as long as wide in lateral view and glabrate dorsally. Relative length of T3–7: 1.5∶1.0∶1.0∶4.0∶1.0; T3–5 glabrous; T6 glabrous except for a row of setigerous punctures; T7 punctate with a few setigerous punctures. T8 completely covered by T7. Front and middle legs sparsely punctate with pubescence; hindlegs sparsely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa glabrous dorsally and metatibia and metatarsomeres densely punctate with pubescence. Apical teeth of metatibia small, thin, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.50.

Male

Unknown.

The new species is similar to P. rwandensis, but it differs from the latter in the following characters: antennal scrobes not distinctly depressed; mesoscutum foveate-reticulate; head, pronotum, mesoscutum, and mesoscutellum dark brown; antenna yellow; lateral occipital carinae well developed and crestlike; and median propodeal area glabrate.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Cameroon: Nkoemvon, 1979-XI-19–30, D. Jockson coll. (NHM).

Distribution

Cameroon.

Etymology

The species is named after the type locality.

Paramblynotus kekenboschi, new species

Female

Length 2.5 mm. Body dark brown to black except antenna and legs. Antenna yellow at base and becoming gradually black. Legs yellow.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum distinctly thicker apically; median flagellomeres constricted proximally and apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate with distinct longitudinal carinate component. Eye laterally distinctly extended beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and defined laterally by a carina; lateral carina of ocellar plate meeting median frontal carina above antennal sockets and lined by a row of irregular foveae along interior side; ocellar plate foveate. Upper face, including antennal scrobes, glabrate with fine punctures and weakly longitudinally carinate posteriorly; antennal scrobe defined by carina laterally. Median frontal carina present weakly from between antennal sockets to clypeus. Lower face foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus almost form an arch. Clypeus longitudinally carinate with punctures. Gena foveate-rugose. Lateral occipital carina very developed, crestlike. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior plate of pronotum mostly glabrous except punctate with pubescence posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum largely foveate-reticulate, and longitudinally carinate ventrally. Dorsal pronotal area glabrous, narrow, and complete to end of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate with foveae set in rows between indistinct transverse costae medially. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate and sloped posteriorly; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with white pubescence. Upper mesopleuron, including speculum, glabrous; median impression percurrent with evenly distributed transverse carinae; lower mesopleuron glabrous and pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum foveate-reticulate and nude above, with a small elevated glabrous area medially, and pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral and median propodeal carina distinct only in anterior half before a transverse carina; median propodeal area entirely longitudinally carinate posteriorly. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from posterior middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.7 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.75 times as long as wide in lateral view and glabrate dorsally. Relative length of T3–7: 1.4∶1.0∶1.2∶3.6∶1.0; T3–4 glabrous; T5 only with a few scattered punctures; T6 glabrous with a few punctures anteriorly and finely punctate posteriorly; T7 punctate with a row of sparse setigerous punctures. T8 completely covered by T7. Front and middle legs sparsely punctate with pubescence; hindlegs sparsely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa glabrous dorsally and metatibia and metatarsomeres densely punctate with pubescence. Apical teeth of metatibia small, thin, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.56.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus kekenboschi is similar to P. zairensis, but it can be easily separated from the latter by (1) lateral surface of pronotum longitudinally costate in lower part; (2) lateral propodeal carina distinctly present anteriorly, posterior half of median propodeal area entirely longitudinally carinate; and (3) nucha dorsally longitudinally carinate.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Zaire (P.N.A.): Massif Ruwenzori Kalonge (2,130 m), River Kiondo, aff. Butahu, 1952-VII-31, P. Vanschuytbroeck and J. Kekenbosch coll. (NHM). Paratype: 1♀, Zaire (P.N.A.): Massif Ruwenzori Kalonge (2,010 m), River Nyamwamba, aff. Butahu, 1953-II-2, P. Vanschuytbroeck and J. Kekenbosch coll. (NHM).

Distribution

Zaire.

Etymology

The species is named after one of the two collectors with the simpler last name.

Paramblynotus jacksoni, new species

Female

Length 2.5–3.3 mm. Body entirely black except antenna dark brown and legs yellow.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum not distinctly thicker apically; median flagellomeres constricted proximally and apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate with distinct longitudinal carinate component. Eye prominent, distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and defined laterally by a carina; lateral carina of ocellar plate meeting medially above antennal sockets and lined by a row of irregular foveae along interior side; ocellar plate foveate. Upper face, including antennal scrobes, glabrate and finely punctate, weakly carinate in upper part; antennal scrobe defined by carina laterally. Median frontal carina absent or weakly present in upper half of lower face. Lower face heavily foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits indistinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus almost form an arch. Clypeus rugose anteriorly and foevate-reticulate posteriorly. Gena foveate-rugose with long pubescence. Lateral occipital carina very developed. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum finely longitudinally carinate. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous and sparsely punctate anteriorly, and coarsely punctate posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate except ventral one-fourth longitudinally carinate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrous, only visible until anterior fourth of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally and strongly foveate-reticulate with indistinct transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate and sloped posteriorly; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with white pubescence. Upper mesopleuron, including speculum, glabrous; median longitudinal impression percurrent with evenly distributed, reduced transverse carinae; lower mesopleuron glabrous and pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum foveate-reticulate and nude above, with a small elevated glabrous area medially, and pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and not obviously curved. Median propodeal area glabrate and sparsely punctate; median longitudinal carina percurrent and with a transverse carina anteriorly. Rs+M of forewing distinct and yellow, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.7 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R₁ weakly present.

Abdominal petiole 0.7 times as long as wide in lateral view and glabrate dorsally. Relative length of T3–7: 1.6∶1.0∶1.0∶4.0∶1.1; T3–5 glabrous; T6 glabrous except for setigerous punctures in a row; T7 punctate with a few setigerous punctures in a row. T8 slightly exposed beneath T7. Front and middle legs sparsely punctate with pubescence; hindlegs sparsely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous and metatibia and metatarsomeres densely punctate with pubescence. Apical teeth of metatibia small, thin, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.55.

Male

Length 2.2–3.0 mm. Antenna 14-segmented. Tergum 5 expanded both dorsally and ventrally, but more so ventrally.

Paramblynotus jacksoni is similar to P. cameroonenesis and P. rwandensis, but it differs from the latter two species in (1) median frontal carina not distinctly extending in lower face, (2) head and mesosoma black, and (3) Rs and Rs+M veins of forewing distinct and brown. It further differs from P. cameroonenesis in having longer petiole, and from P. rwandensis in having median propodeal area glabrate.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Cameroon: Nkoemvon, 1980-XI-2–XII-13, D. Jackson coll. (NHM). Paratypes: 4♀♀, 2♂♂: 1♂, 1978-IX–XI, other data same as holotype (NHM); 1♀, 1979-VII–VIII, and 3♀♀, 1♂, 1980-XI–XII, other data same as holotype (NHM).

Distribution

Cameroon.

Biology

Collection label reads (collected along) “forest path”, otherwise unknown.

Etymology

The species is named after the collector.

Paramblynotus carinatus, new species

Female

Length 3.2 mm. Body entirely dark brown; legs yellow. Wings clear.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum not distinctly thicker apically; median flagellomeres constricted proximally and apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate with distinct longitudinal carinate component. Eye prominent, distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and defined laterally by a carina; lateral carina of ocellar plate meeting medially above antennal sockets and lined by a row of irregular foveae along interior side; ocellar plate foveate; median frontal carina distinct in lower face, reaching to epistomal sulcus and bifurcated posteriorly to delimit a glabrous triangular area beneath anterior ocellus. Upper face glabrate laterally and antennal scrobes glabrous; antennal scrobe defined by carina laterally. Lower face coarsely foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus almost form a smoothly curved arch. Clypeus longitudinally carinate anteriorly, glabrous in the middle, and foveate-rugose posteriorly. Gena coarsely foveate-rugose. Lateral occipital carina almost meeting eye dorsally. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrate. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous and sparsely punctate anteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate dorsolaterally and longitudinally carinate lateroventrally. Dorsal pronotal area glabrous, reaching end of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate with indistinct transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina and two submedian longitudinal carinae; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate and sloped posteriorly; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with white pubescence. Upper mesopleuron, including speculum, glabrous; median longitudinal impression percurrent with evenly distributed transverse carinae; lower mesopleuron glabrous and pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum foveate-reticulate and nude above, with an elevated glabrous area medially, and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and distinctly curved medially. Median propodeal area glabrate to rugulose; median longitudinal carina percurrent, a transverse carina present anteriorly, and two submedian longitudinal carinae present posterior to transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.4 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.6 times as long as wide in lateral view and glabrate dorsally. Relative length of T3–7: 1.7∶1.0∶1.0∶2.5∶1.1; T3–5 glabrous; T6 finely punctate with a few setigerous punctures in a row; T7 punctate with a row of setigerous punctures. T8 entirely covered by T7. Front and middle legs sparsely punctate with pubescence; hindlegs sparsely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous and metatibia and metatarsomeres densely punctate with pubescence. Apical teeth of metatibia long, thin, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.60.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus carinatus is similar to P. kekenboschi and P. zairensis, but it can be easily separated from them by (1) median frontal carina distinct in lower face, extending beyond lower margin of eyes reaching epistomal sulcus; and (2) ocellar plate with a row of relatively uniform large foveae along lateral carina.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Zaire, P.N.A., Nyasheke, Volley Nyamuragia (1,820 m), 1935-VI-14–26, G.F. de Witte coll. (NHM).

Distribution

Zaire.

Etymology

From Latin, carina, keel. The species name describes the carinate sculpture on the vertex.

Paramblynotus immaculatus, new species

Female

Length 1.9 mm. Head and mesosoma black and other body parts dark brown. Wings slightly, evenly ferruginous.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum gradually expanded apically; median flagellomeres not constricted. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent, distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Distance between posterior ocelli 3.3 times as wide as the distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Ocellar plate slightly raised and not distinctly defined laterally by a carina; the reduced lateral carina of ocellar plate meeting medially above antennal sockets and lined by a row of foveae along interior side; ocellar plate foveate; median frontal carina distinct in lower face, reaching to epistomal sulcus anteriorly and bifurcated posteriorly to delimit a glabrous triangular area beneath anterior ocellus. Upper face glabrate laterally and antennal scrobes glabrous except foveate medially (at the level of anterior ocellus); antennal scrobe defined by carina laterally. Lower face coarsely foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus almost form an arch. Clypeus longitudinally carinate. Gena coarsely foveate-rugose. Lateral occipital carina extended dorsally to meet lateral carina of antennal scrobe. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum finely longitudinally carinate. Submedian pronotal depression fused medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous and punctate. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate dorsolaterally and longitudinally rugose lateroventrally. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate-punctate and reaching to end of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by single median longitudinal carina; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin broadly emarginate in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with white pubescence. Upper mesopleuron glabrous, distinctly depressed; speculum longitudinally carinate; median longitudinal impression percurrent with three unevenly distributed transverse carinae. Lower mesopleuron glabrous; pubescence sparse above and dense ventrally. Metepisternum depressed and nude above, with an oblique, elevated glabrous area across the middle, and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Propodeum, including median propodeal area, areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina present only anteriorly and median longitudinal carina percurrent. Nucha glabrous. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from posterior end of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.6 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.36 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.3∶1.0∶2.0∶1.2∶0∶0.4; T3–5 glabrous; T6 finely punctate; T7 almost completely covered by T6 except posterolaterally slightly exposed; T8 punctate with a few foveae. Front and middle legs sparsely punctate with pubescence; hindlegs sparsely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous and metatibia and metatarsomeres densely punctate with pubescence. Apical teeth of metatibia long, thin, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.64.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus immaculatus, antistatus, scalptus, vannoorti, diminutus, angolensis, and minutus form a very distinct, monophyletic clade within the trisetosus group. This clade is characteristic in having (1) very conspicuous anterior tentorial pits; (2) distance between posterior ocelli at least three times as wide as distance between posterior ocellus and eye; (3) speculum longitudinally carinate; (4) T5 of female dorsally expanded and the largest metasomal tergum, T7 largely or entirely covered by T6, T8 exposed; and (5) wings with different color patterns; Rs+M vein of forewing arising from posterior end of basalis.

Paramblynotus immaculatus can be easily separated from the other species of this clade by having (1) wings evenly ferruginous and without darker bands, (2) mesoscutellum posteriorly with a broad emargination, and (3) median frontal carina almost reaching clypeus.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Zaire, Pidigala, 1952-iv-23, H. De Saeger coll. (NHM).

Distribution

Zaire.

Etymology

From Latin, im- not, and macula, mark, spot. The name describes the evenly ferruginous wings of the species.

Paramblynotus antistatus, new species

Female

Length 2.1 mm. Body black to dark brown with antennae and legs yellow to yellow brown. Forewing brown in about basal two-thirds and clear beyond the tip of marginal cell.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum gradually expanded apically; median flagellomeres not constricted. Vertex largely glabrous with sparse punctures, slightly rugose laterally. Eye prominent, distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Distance between posterior ocelli 3.0 times as wide as the distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Ocellar plate not raised and not defined laterally by a carina; median frontal carina extended from anterior ocellus to slightly beyond lower margin of antennal sockets. Upper face, including antennal scrobe, coriarious; antennal scrobes only slightly depressed, defined by carina laterally. Lower face coriarious above and transversely rugose with foveae ventrally. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus almost form an arch. Clypeus glabrate and weakly longitudinally carinate. Gena coriarious. Lateral occipital carina indistinct beyond vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous. Submedian pronotal depressions distinctly separated medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrate and coarsely punctate. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, not reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate-punctate and reaching to end of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin round in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and partly with white pubescence. Upper mesopleuron glabrous, distinctly depressed; speculum longitudinally carinate; median impression percurrent with three unevenly distributed transverse carinae. Lower mesopleuron glabrous; pubescence sparse above and dense ventrally. Metepisternum foveate-rugose, nude above and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Propodeum, including median propodeal area, areolate-reticulate; lateral and median propodeal carinae present only anteriorly; lateral propodeal carina with distinct pubescence dorsally. Nucha glabrous. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from close to posterior end of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.0 times as long as wide, and as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.3 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.3∶1.0∶2.0∶1.1∶0.4∶0.4; T3–4 glabrous; T6–7 punctate; T7 of metasoma distinctly exposed; T8 punctate with a few foveae. Front and middle legs sparsely punctate with pubescence; hindlegs sparsely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous and metatibia and metatarsomeres densely punctate with pubescence. Apical teeth of metatibia long, thin, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.55.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus antistatus can be divided from the othe other species of the immaculatus clade by its distinctly exposed T7 of female metasoma and its smooth gena, except P. scalptus. However, P. antistatus differs from P. scalptus in having vertex and gena glabrous.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Namibia, Windhoek, Regenstein (15 mi SSW), 1972-IV-9 (NHM).

Distribution

Namibia, Windhoek.

Etymology

From Latin, anti-, against, and estat, position, standing. This name was coined because of the glabrous vertex and gena of this species, being in distinct contrast to the sculptured vertex and gena of the most similar species, P. scalptus.

Paramblynotus scalptus, new species

Female

Length 2.8 mm. Head and mesosoma black. Metasoma black with T3 and T4 brown. Antennae yellow with distal three segments dark. Forewing clear in about distal two-fifths, and ferruginous basally. Fore- and middle legs brown to dark brown. Hindlegs dark brown to almost black.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum gradually expanded apically; median flagellomeres not constricted. Vertex densely punctate medially and diagonally carinate laterally. Eye prominent, distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Distance between posterior ocelli 3.5 times as wide as the distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Ocellar plate not raised and not defined laterally by a carina; median frontal carina only weakly present between antennal sockets. Upper face, including antennal scrobe, coriarious; antennal scrobes only slightly depressed with very slight traces of foveate sculpture, and defined by carina laterally. Lower face foveate-reticulate. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus almost form an arch. Clypeus distinctly longitudinally carinate. Gena foveate-punctate. Lateral occipital carina indistinct beyond vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous. Submedian pronotal depressions distinctly separated medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrate anteriorly and coriarious posteriorly, laterally also with setigerous punctures. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, not reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum coarsely foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area reaching end of posterior margin of pronotum and with closely arranged punctures in a single row. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin narrowly rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with conspicuous white pubescence. Upper mesopleuron glabrous; speculum longitudinally carinate; and median impression percurrent with multiple unevenly distributed transverse carinae. Lower mesopleuron glabrous, conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum impressed and nude above, with an elevated, glabrous-punctate area posteromedially, and somewhat depressed and pubescent ventrally. Propodeum mostly areolate-reticulate; lateral and median propodeal carinae present only anteriorly and about same strength as additional longitudinal carinae posteriorly. Nucha glabrous. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from posterior end of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.0 times as long as wide and slightly longer than submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.5 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.4∶1.0∶2.0∶0.8∶0.15∶0.3; T3–5 glabrous; T6–7 finely punctate; T7 of metasoma slightly exposed; T8 with a few large setigerous punctures. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Apical teeth of metatibia long, thin, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.55.

Male

Length 2.5 mm.

Paramblynotus scalptus, as stated above, is similar to P. antistatus, but it can be distinquished by its sculptured vertex and gena. In addition, its forewing is more extensively ferruginous, extending to cover basal three-fifths, instead of basal two-thirds as P. antistatus.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, South Africa: Transvaal (Rustenburg Nature Reserve, 25.40S, 27.12E), 1983-XII-8, C.D. Eardley coll. (PPRI). Paratypes: 1♀, 1♂: 1♀, South Africa, Transvaal, Kruger National Park, Pufuri (22.26S, 31.12E), 1984-I-21, C.D. Eardley coll. (PPRI); 1♂, South Africa, East Transvaal (in woodland 15 km east of Klaserie, Guernsey Farm), 1985-XII-19–31, S. and J. Peck coll. (CNCI).

Distribution

South Africa, East Transvaal.

Etymology

From Latin, scalpo, cut, carve. The name describes the sculptured vertex and gena of the species as compared to P. antistatus.

Paramblynotus vannoorti, new species

Female

Length 2.2 mm. Body black except antennae dark yellow. Forewing mostly clear with a wide, medial smoky band covering marginal and submarginal cells and the areas behind; darker in marginal and sumarginal cells and lighter behind.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum gradually expanded apically; median flagellomeres not constricted. Vertex entirely diagonally carinate. Eye prominent, distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Distance between posterior ocelli nearly 5.0 times as wide as the distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Ocellar plate not raised, defined laterally by a carina, radiating carinate anteriorly and foveate-reticulate posterior to anterior ocellus; median frontal carina extended slightly beyond lower margin of antennal sockets. Upper face, including most of antennal scrobe, coriarious with very sparse fine punctures, and defined by carina laterally. Antennal scrobes shallow, glabrous posteriorly. Lower face coarsely coriarious and superficially foveate-reticulate. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus almost form an arch. Clypeus glabrous. Gena cariarious. Lateral occipital carina indistinct beyond vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous. Submedian pronotal depressions fused with each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous anteriorly and sparsely, coarsely punctate posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, nearly reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum coarsely foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area reaching to end of posterior margin of pronotum, glabrous anteriorly, and with closely arranged punctures in a single row. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with conspicuous white pubescence. Upper mesopleuron glabrous; speculum longitudinally carinate; and median longitudinal impression percurrent with multiple unevenly distributed transverse carinae. Lower mesopleuron glabrous, pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum coarsely foveate-reticulate and nude above, with a small elevated, glabrous area medially, and pubescent ventrally. Propodeum mostly areolate-reticulate; lateral and median propodeal carinae present only anteriorly and about same strength as the additional longitudinal carinae present posteriorly. Median propodeal area alveolate anteriorly and longitudinally carinate posterorly. Nucha glabrous. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from close to posterior end of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.0 times as long as wide and slightly longer than submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.5 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.4∶1.0∶2.0∶1.0∶0∶0.2; T3–4 glabrous; T5 very finely and sparsely punctate, T6–7 finely punctate; T7 completely covered by T6; T8 slightly exposed, with sparse setigerous puctures. All legs sparsely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous and metatibia and metatarsomeres densely pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, thin, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.56.

The new species is similar to P. scalptus, but it differs from the latter in the (1) vertex diagonally carinate entirely, (2) forewing clear basally and distally with a broad medial smoky band covering the marginal and submarginal cells and the areas behind, and (3) metasomal T7 of female completely covered by T6.

Male

Unknown.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, South Africa: East Cape, Bathurst, Waters Meeting Nature Reserve, Lookout (33.32S, 26.47E), 1988-III-5, S. von Noort coll. (SAM: SAM-HYM-P002873).

Distribution

South Africa, East Cape.

Etymology

The species is named after the Hymenoptera expert of South Africa, Simon van Noort.

Biology

The specimen bears a label reading “collected while feeding on flowers of Schotia affa”.

Paramblynotus diminutus, new species

Male

Length 1.6 mm. Head and mesothorax black, and the rest of the body brown. Forewings basal to tip of submarginal cell evenly grayish ferruginous and distally clear.

Antenna 14-segmented, filiform, with the third (F1) lateroventrally sinuated; median flagellomeres not constricted. Eye prominent, distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Distance between posterior ocelli nearly 4.5 times as wide as the distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Ocellar plate not raised, not defined laterally by a carina; median frontal carina indistinctly present between antennal sockets. Vertex coriarious with sparse punctures and fine pubescence. Upper face, including antennal scrobe and ocellar plate, and lower face coriarious with very fine pubescence. Antennal scrobe only slightly depressed and defined by weak carina laterally. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus indistinct, forming an arch. Clypeus glabrous and punctate. Gena cariarious. Malar space horizontally weakly carinate. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous. Submedian pronotal depressions fused with each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum coriarious, sparsely punctate posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching to pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum coarsely foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area reaching end of posterior margin of pronotum and with closely arranged punctures in a single row. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally, and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with conspicuous white pubescence. Upper mesopleuron glabrous; speculum longitudinally carinate; and median longitudinal impression percurrent with reduced transverse carinae. Lower mesopleuron glabrous, pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum irregularly foveate-reticulate, nude above and pubescent ventrally. Propodeum foveate-rugose laterally. Lateral propodeal carinae straight and parallel. Median propodeal area with straight median longitudinal carina crossed by one straight transverse carina. Nucha glabrous. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from close to posterior end of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.4 times as long as wide and slightly longer than submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent. M vein nebulous.

Abdominal petiole 0.5 times as long as wide in lateral view. T5 of metasoma is the largest tergum, dorsally not much longer than either T4 or T6, but ventrolaterally conspicuously expanded anteriorly and distinctly larger than the other terga. Posterior margin of T3–4 oblique in lateral view, and the same part of T5–7 vertical with slight sinuation medially. All legs sparsely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous and metatibia and metatarsomeres densely pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, thin, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.54.

Female

Unknown.

Paramblynotus diminutus is similar to P. angolensis and P. antistatus, but it differs from the latter two species in (1) lateral propodeal carinae straight and percurrent, (2) medial propodeal area with one straight and percurrent longitudinal carina, and (3) median frontal carina almost invisible.

Type Material

Holotype: ♂, Zimbabwe, Salisbury, 1970-X-23, A. Watsham coll. (NHM).

Distribution

Zimbabwe, Salisbury.

Etymology

From Latin, deminuo, lessen, describing the relatively smaller size in comparison with othe other species of the clade.

Paramblynotus angolensis, new species

Female

Length 2.1 mm. Head and mesosoma black and metasoma and hindlegs dark bown. Antennae yellow with distal two segments black. Forewing with a wide ferruginous band across middle third and clear both basally and distally. Hindwing ferruginous aross central half. Fore- and middle legs brown to yellow brown.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum gradually expanded apically; median flagellomeres not constricted. Vertex glabrate with sparse, fine punctures. Eye prominent, distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Distance between posterior ocelli nearly 4.5 times as wide as the distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Ocellar plate not raised, defined laterally by a very weak carina, finely radiating carinae anteriorly and coriarious posterior to anterior ocellus; median frontal carina distinct, extended slightly beyond lower margin of antennal sockets. Upper face, including antennal scrobe, coriarious with sparse fine punctures; antennal scrobe defined by carina laterally. Lower face coarsely coriarious and superficially foveate-reticulate. Anterior tentorial pits conspicuous. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus indistinct. Clypeus glabrate and punctate. Gena coriarious. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous and finely, sparsely punctate. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, nearly reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum coarsely foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area reaching to end of posterior margin of pronotum and with closely arranged punctures in a single row. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally, and foveate-reticulate with distinct transverse carinate component. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin narrowly rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with conspicuous white pubescence. Upper mesopleuron glabrous except anteriorly with weak, transverse imbrication; speculum longitudinally carinate; and median longitudinal impression percurrent with multiple transverse carinae. Lower mesopleuron glabrous, pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum almost entirely depressed and punctate with long pubescence, posteromedially with a small area slightly elevated and glabrate with punctures. Propodeum mostly areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina distinct only anteriorly, and interrupted by a large fovea medially. Median propodeal area glabrate with a complete median longitudinal carina crossed by a transverse carina. Nucha glabrous. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from close to posterior end of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.0 times as long as wide, and almost as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.4 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.8∶1.0∶2.0∶1.3∶0.15∶0.0; T3–4 glabrous; T5 glabrous anteriorly and finely, sparsely punctate posteriorly; T6 finely punctate; T8 slightly visible. All legs sparsely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous and metatibia and metatarsomeres densely pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, thin, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.63.

Male

Unknown.

The new species is similar to P. antistatusus, but it differs from the latter by (1) forewing ferruginous only medially, and clear both proximally and distally; and (2) metasomal T7 of female slightly exposed; exposed T7 is 1:15 of T6 as measured medially on lateral side.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Angola: Mocamedes (10 mi NE of), 1972-II-27–29, R. Giraul coll. (NHM).

Distribution

Angola, Mocamedes.

Etymology

The species is named after the type locality.

Paramblynotus minutus, new species

Female

Length 2.4 mm. Head and mesosoma black and metasoma and hindlegs dark brown. Antennae yellow and darker toward apex. Fore- and middle legs brown to yellow brown. Forewing with a wide ferruginous band across middle third and clear both basally and distally.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum gradually expanded apically; median flagellomeres not constricted. Vertex foveate-rugulose, with longitudinal carinate component. Eye prominent, distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Distance between posterior ocelli nearly 4.5 times as wide as the distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Ocellar plate not raised, not defined laterally by carina, finely rugose and somewhat radiating anteriorly and foveate posterior to anterior ocellus; median frontal carina distinct to upper margin of antennal sockets; short transverse costae present on both sides of median frontal carina. Upper face, including antennal scrobe, coarsely coriarious with sparse superficial foveae; antennal scrobe defined by carina laterally. Lower face foveate-reticulate, superficially carinate laterally. Anterior tentorial pits conspicuous. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus indistinct. Clypeus glabrate with a few longitudinal carinae. Gena imbricate with sparse foveae. Lateral occipital carina reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous. Anterior plate of pronotum densely punctate with punctures set in rows. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area reaching end of posterior margin of pronotum and with closely arranged punctures in a single row. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally, and foveate-reticulate with distinct transverse carinate component. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin truncate in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by a somewhat sinuated carina and with conspicuous white pubescence. Median mesopleural longitudinal impression percurrent, conspicuously broadened posteriorly, and areolate-reticulate structure; speculum longitudinally carinate; upper mesopleuron glabrate, relatively small because of the expansion of the longitudinal impression, and with sparse punctures. Lower mesopleuron glabrous and pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum depressed in upper part, posteromedially elevated and glabrate, and ventrally with sparse pubescence in a depressed pocket bordered posteriorly by foveae lined in an arch. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina distinct anteriorly, medially disrupted by a large fovea. Median propodeal area glabrate with a complete median longitudinal carina crossed by a transverse carina, and posteriorly also with extra carinae parallel to the median one. Nucha glabrous. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from close to posterior end of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.4 times as long as wide, and 1.2 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.8 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.3∶1.0∶2.2∶0.8∶0.0∶0.1; T3–4 glabrous; T5 glabrous anteriorly and very finely, sparsely punctate posteriorly; T6 finely punctate; T8 slightly visible. All legs sparsely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous and metatibia and metatarsomeres densely pubescent. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.7.

Male

Unknown.

The species is different from all othe other species of the P. immaculatus clade by the conspicuously broadened median mesopleural impression and the surface sculpture of the impression.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, South Africa: Port St. John (Pondoland), 1924-I, R.E. Turner coll. (NHM).

Distribution

South Africa: Port St. John.

Etymology

From Latin, minutus, small. The name describes the small size of the species.

Diagnostic Characters

Body size medium. Antenna filiform; median flagellomeres not constricted. Female antenna 13-segmented with F1 distinctly shorter than F2. All flagellomeres with placodes; placodes short, not as long as the flagellomeres, and densely distributed on each medial to distal flagellomere. Distance between posterior ocelli about as wide as distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Median frontal carina only weakly present between antennal sockets or extending shortly into lower face. Occiput longitudinally carinate. Submedian depressions of pronotum separated medially. Lateral pronotal carinae reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surfaces of pronotum foveate-reticulate, with secondary punctures, and medially separated by the less sculptured anterior pronotal plate. Pronotal crest not raised dorsomedially. Mesoscutum mostly flat and bent anteriorly in lateral view, and dorsally foveate-reticulate with more or less distinct, secondary transverse carinae. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate and sloped posteriorly. Scutellar sulcus is divided into two foveae by the median longitudinal carina, with or without somewhat weaker, submedian longitudinal carinae. Axillar area without conspicuous hair tuft. Upper mesopleural area glabrous. Median mesopleural impression narrow with many vertical carinae, posteriorly curved downwardsand continuous with a vertical impression along posterior margin of lower mesopleuron. Metepisternum alveolate above and pubescent below. First metatarsomere without apical protuberance. T7 of female not curved dorsolaterally at posterior margin, T8 entirely covered. Terga 6–8 with sparse coarse punctures with hairs. Male unknown.

Paramblynotus apeosus Liu and Kovalev, new species

Female

Length 4.4 mm. Body entirely black to dark brown except antenna and legs brown. Wings evenly, slightly ferruginous, with marginal cell of forewing somewhat darker.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum moderately stout and slightly thickened apically. Vertex foveate-punctate. Eye distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, foveate, and defined laterally by carina lined with a row of foveae lined along interior side. Median frontal carina weakly present between antennal sockets. Upper face foveate laterally; antennal scrobe densely punctate, defined in lower part by a lateral carina. Lower face foveate-reticulate, superficially carinate laterally. Anterior tentorial pits conspicuous. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus indistinct. Clypeus glabrate with a few longitudinal carinae. Gena with vertical carina separating the anterior coarsely punctate area from the posterior glabrous, very finely punctate areas. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrate, finely densely punctate with fine pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially distinctly raised, but with peak distinctly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct and extended to almost reach pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum punctate-foveate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate and very finely transversely striate, reaching end of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum almost flat dorsally except slightly depressed anteriorly, and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows between costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by median longitudinal carina and with short submedian longitudinal carinae; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina, densely punctate with conspicuous white pubescence in anterior half and sparse pubescence in posterior half. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, turned smoothly to lower mesopleuron posteriorly, and distinctly transversely costate; mesopleuron with a broad transverse depression anteriorly; upper mesopleuron glabrous with a few punctures both anteriorly and posteriorly. Lower mesopleuron glabrous, pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate, mostly devoid of pubescence. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and distinctly curved medially; median propodeal area glabrate with a complete median longitudinal carina crossed by an anterior transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent. Apical teeth of metatibia long and pointed apically. (Abdomen lost.)

Male

Unknown.

The species can be easily separated from P. friatus, the only othe other species of the species group, using the above key.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Russia: Primorsk (20 km from Spassk), 1984-IX-6, collected by Belokobylskij coll. (ZISP).

Distribution

Russia: Primorsk.

Etymology

From Greek, apios, far away, and eos, East. The name is an arbitrarily shortened version of the composite word.

Paramblynotus friatus Liu and Kovalev, new species

Female

Length 4.0 mm. Body entirely black to dark brown except antenna and legs brown. Wings evenly, slightly ferruginous, except marginal cell of forewing somewhat darker.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum moderately stout and slightly thickened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, foveate, and not defined laterally by carina. Median frontal carina absent. Upper face foveate-reticulate except antennal scrobe densely punctate; antennal scrobe defined by carina laterally in lower part. Lower face and clypeus foveate-reticulate. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus indistinct. Gena entirely punctate, medially more or less vertically rugose. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrate, finely densely punctate with fine pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially distinctly raised, but with peak distinctly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest medially raised into a small median process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct and extended to almost reach pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum punctate-foveate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, reaching to end of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum almost flat dorsally except slightly depressed anteriorly, and discontinuously transversely costate with distinct foveae set in between. Scutellar sulcus divided by median longitudinal carina; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina, densely punctate with conspicuous white pubescence in anterior half and sparsely pubescent in posterior half. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, turned smoothly to lower mesopleuron posteriorly, and distinctly transversely costate; mesopleuron with a broad transverse depression anteriorly; upper mesopleuron glabrous and with scattered punctures posteriorly. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate, devoid of pubescence in upper part, and densely pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and strongly curved medially; median propodeal area glabrate with a complete median longitudinal carina crossed by an anterior transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.0 times as long as wide and 1.5 times as long as submarginal cell. Marginal cell 3.0 times as long as wide and 1.5 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.25 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–7: 2.3∶1.0∶1.5∶2.7∶1.4; T3–4 glabrous; T5 glabrous anteriorly and very finely punctate posteriorly, T6–7 densely punctate, each with a band of sparse pubescence; T8 completely covered by T7. Apical teeth of metatibia long and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.85.

Male

Unknown.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Russia: Primorsk (Shkotovsk), 1975-VII-22, collected by Krivagutzkaya coll. (ZISP).

The species can be separated from P. apeosus, the only othe other species of the species group, using the above key.

Distribution

Russia: Primorsk.

Etymology

From Latin, fretus, trusting to. No particular reference, just personal caprice of the authors.

Diagnostic Characters

Body size median to relatively large. Antenna filiform. Female antenna has 13 segments with F1 distinctly or slightly shorter than F2. All flagellomeres have placodes; placodes short, not as long as the flagellomeres, and are usually densely, but relatively sparsely in the Neotropical species, distributed on each medial to distal segment. Male antenna has 14 segments, F1 almost cylindrical, only very slightly depressed on ventral side. Median frontal carina generally lacking in lower face. Occiput glabrous, occasionally coriarious. Lateral pronotal carinae not reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral sides of pronotum foveate to foveate-reticulate, with or without secondary transverse costae, and not separated by the extended, less sculptured anterior surface. Pronotal crest raised dorsomedially into a small, distinct process or two submedian processes. Mesoscutum predominantly transversely carinate with more or less obvious foveae in between. Mesoscutellum flat or slightly sloped posteriorly, and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus always divided into more than two foveae by several subequally strong longitudinal carinae. Axillar area with conspicuous hair tuft. Upper mesopleural area glabrous. Median mesopleural impression medially bent, wider and deeper toward ends. Metepisternum divided into several longitudinal impressions by several strong longitudinal carinae. Dorsoapical dents of metatibia short and blunt; first metatarsomere without apical protuberance. T7 of female with posterior margin curved dorsolaterally, distinctly exposing T8. T6–8 with more or less coarse punctures with hairs. Post petiolar terga of male subequal to each other.

Paramblynotus ruficollis Cameron, 1909

Paramblynotus ruficollis Cameron, 1909: 18, ♀; Borneo; NHM (4 T♀, no. 7.9 and in main coll.).

*ruficeps Kieffer, 1914: 186, ; Luzon; USNM (HT♀, not numbered).  =  P. ruficollis Cameron; synonymy by Weld (1930: 137).

Female

Length 6.5–9.0 mm. Head, pronotum, and foreleg orange; antenna and rest of body, and middle and hindlegs black. Wings lightly ferruginous with marginal and submarginal cells of forewings darker.

Vertex foveate; gena glabrous with sparse fine punctures. Ocellar plate well defined by lateral carina. Antennal scrobe glabrous with fine punctures. Median frontal carina absent in lower face. Pronotal crest medially raised into a very distinct, apically rounded triangular process. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate, with sparse punctures. Mesoscutum transversely carinate with foveae in between. Mesoscutellum raised posteriorly. Lateral propodeal carina raised throughout, right-angled anteriorly in lateral view. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.96.

The species is distinguished from all othe other species of the ruficollis group for its large body size, as well as its red head and pronotum in contrast of the rest of its body, which is shining black. Additional characters to distinguish the species include sculptures on vertex, genae, and lateral sides of pronotum.

Male

Length 4.0–7.0 mm, otherwise similar to female.

Material Examined

NHM: 6 (1T); AEI: 1; NNMN: 2; BPBM: 3.

Distribution

Malaysia: Borneo; Laos; Philippines: Luzon.

Paramblynotus malayensis (Weld, 1922)

Allocynips malayensis Weld, 1922: 329, ♀♂; Borneo; USNM (HT♀, no. 24 377, 1 PT♀, 2 PT♂).

Paramblynotus malayensis, combination by Weld (1930: 137).

Female

Length 4.0 mm. Body and legs entirely dark brown except tibiae and tarsomeres of legs yellow to yellow brown. Wings mostly clear except marginal cell of forewing and neighboring areas somewhat ferruginous.

Vertex foveate-reticulate; gena glabrous with foveae and punctures. Ocellar plate laterally not defined by a carina; antennal scrobes fine, densely punctate. Median front carina very distinct, extending to clypeus in lower face. Pronotal crest medially not raised into a triangular process. Mesoscutellum not raised posteriorly. Lateral propodeal carina not distinctly raised in lateral view. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.76.

The species is easily separated from the other species of the group ruficollis for its small size and its median frontal carina complete in lower face.

Material Examined

USNM1 (1T).

Distribution

Malaysia: Borneo, Sandakan.

Paramblynotus badius, new species

Female

Length 4.5 mm. Body, antenna, and hindleg entirely black to dark brown; fore- and middle legs yellow brown. Wings slightly ferruginous with marginal and submarginal cells of forewings darker.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent, distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, densely, coarsely punctate, and not defined laterally by carina. Median frontal carina weakly present above antennal sockets. Upper face entirely punctate-foveate except antennal scrobe somewhat longitudinally carinate posteriorly; antennal scrobe slightly depressed and defined by carina laterally. Lower face foveate-punctate with transverse rugosity. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus indistinct. Clypeus longitudinally carinate and punctate posteriorly, transversely carinate medially, and glabrate-punctate anteriorly. Gena glabrate and punctate-foveate. Lateral occipital carina reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrate, densely punctate with fine pubescence. Submedian pronotal depressions separated far apart medially. Pronotum dorsomedially distinctly raised, but lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest medially gradually raised into median peak. Lateral pronotal carina distinct and extended to reach pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum punctate-foveate with oblique carinate component posteromedially. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, reaching to one-third of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum slightly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate with foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by median longitudinal carina and two submedian carinae; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate, with posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina, with conspicuous white pubescence. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, distinctly transversely costate; upper mesopleuron glabrous mostly except finely, densely punctate anteriorly; lower mesopleuron entirely glabrate and pubescent, and bordered by a distinct, straight carina ventrally. Metepisternum longitudinally costate and devoid of pubescence in upper part, conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and curved medially; median propodeal area glabrate, median longitudinal carina present only anterior to median transverse carina. Nucha glarous. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.3 times as long as wide,and 1.5 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.3 times as long as wide in lateral view, lateroposterior margin broadly angular. Relative length of T3–8: 2.0∶1.0∶1.0∶3.7∶1.0∶0.7; T3–5 glabrous; T6 glabrous anteriorly with a band of sparse pubescence, T7 with a medial band of sparse pubescence in punctures and densely and finely punctate posteriorly; T8 with a band of dense pubescence. Legs, particularly metatibia and metatarsomeres, densely pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia short, stout, and blunt apically.1mt/2–5mt  =  0.80.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus badius differs from all other species of the ruficollis group in having its pronotum anteromedially raised into gradual, rather conspicuous peak. The species can be further separated from the most similar species, P. trisectus, by having pronotum and mesothorax dark.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Sarawak, Mt. Dulit (1,000 ft, Moss Forest), 1932-X-16, native leg. (NHM).

Distribution

Indonesia: Borneo.

Etymology

From Latin, coruscus, badius, brown or chestnut-colored. The name refers to its slightly ferruginous wings.

Paramblynotus coruscus, new species

Female

Length 5.0 mm. Body entirely black; antenna dark brown; legs red brown. Wings clear. Head and lateral pronotum very densely pubescent; anterior two-thirds of mesopleural triangle and lower part of metepisternum with conspicuous, long silvery pubescence.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, glabrate- foveate, and not defined laterally by carina. Median frontal carina weakly, briefly present posterior to antennal sockets. Upper face, including antennal scrobe, glabrate-foveate; antennal scrobe defined by carina laterally. Lower face, clypeus, and gena densely punctate and foveate with heavy pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits small. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus indistinct. Lateral occipital carina reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous medially and very finely transversely striate laterally.

Anterior flange of pronotum finely, transversely striate. Submedian pronotal depressions fused with each other medially and punctate. Anterior plate of pronotum densely punctate and pubescent. Pronotum dorsomedially distinctly raised, but lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised medially. Lateral pronotal carina distinct and extended to reach pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and punctate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrous, reaching to one-third of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum slightly arched dorsally, transversely costate with foveae set in rows, and glabrate medially and lateroposteriorly with the appearance of polished metal surface. Scutellar sulcus divided by median longitudinal carina and four submedian equally strong carinae; mesoscutellum glabrous-foveate, with posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, without transverse costae; upper mesopleuron glabrous, with setigerous punctures in anterior half; lower mesopleuron glabrous, and bordered by a distinct, straight carina ventrally. Metepisternum longitudinally costate and devoid of pubescence in upper part, conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and almost straight; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina percurrent, crossed by two transverse carinae. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.4 times as long as wide, and 1.5 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.33 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 2.0∶1.0∶1.3∶5.3∶0.9∶1.8; T3–4 glabrous; T5 glabrous anteriorly and densely finely punctate posterirly; T6 glabrous anteriorly and densely punctate posterirly; T7 coarsely punctate anteriorly and finely punctate posteriorly, with a patch of sparse pubescence lateroventrally; and T8 coarsely punctate-foveate with pubescence. Legs sparsely pubescent except metatibia and metatarsomeres densely so. Apical teeth of metatibia short, stout, and blunt apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.90.

Male

Length 4.0 mm, otherwise similar to female.

The species is unique in all Paramblynotus species for the deductive nature of its sculptures, giving it the appearance of polished metal surface.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Laos: Ban Van Heue (20 km E Phou-kow-kuei), 1965-V-1–15, J. A. Rondon coll. (BPBM). Paratypes: 2♀♀, Burma: Yanaungmyin, Res. pyinmana, 1932-V-13, R. Hia Ogh coll. (NHM).

Biological Notes

The paratypes bear labels reading “ex Dalbergia fusca”.

Distribution

Laos; Burma.

Etymology

From Latin, coruscus, flashing, glimmering. The name refers to the polished sculpture of mesonotum of species.

Paramblynotus carinivertex, new species

Female

Length 3.5 mm. Head and mesosoma black, metasoma, coxa and femur of fore- and middle legs, and hindlegs dark brown; antenna and tibia and tarsomeres of fore- and middle legs brown. Wings clear. Lateral surface of pronotum with very dense golden pubescence; mesopleural triangle and T6–8 of metasoma posteriorly with conspicuous patch of golden pubescence.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex mainly foveate-reticulate except a median triangular area finely longitudinally carinate. Eye prominent, distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, glabrate-foveate, and defined laterally by carina lined with a row of foveae on interior side. Median frontal carina percurrent to clypeus and distinctly raised into a ridge posterior to antennal sockets. Upper face foveate laterally; antennal scrobe glabrous with setigerous punctures anteriorly, defined by carina laterally. Lower face coarsely foveate-punctate; clypeus foveate-punctate posteriorly and glabrous anteriorly; gena mostly glabrous and finely punctate, with a row of foveae along anterior side of lateral occipital carina. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus indistinct. Lateral occipital carina reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous; submedian pronotal pits distinctly separated medially. Anterior plate of pronotum densely punctate and pubescent with a row of foveae posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially distinctly raised, but lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest medially raised medially into a small, distinct process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct and reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrous, reaching to one-fourth of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum slightly arched dorsally, transversely costate with foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by median longitudinal carina and four submedian equally strong carinae; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate, with posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, without transverse costae; upper mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron glabrous, and bordered by a distinct, straight carina ventrally. Metepisternum longitudinally costate and devoid of pubescence in upper part, conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and distinctly diverging posteriorly; median propodeal area rugose; median longitudinal carina distinct only anteriorly, ending at anterior transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from anterior third of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.4 times as long as wide and 1.5 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent. Marginal cell 2.7 times as long as wide and 1.2 times as long as submarginal cell.

Abdominal petiole as long as wide in lateral view; lateroposterior margin curved to form a wide angle. Relative length of T3–8: 2.0∶1.0∶1.1∶4.2∶0.9∶1.6; T3–5 glabrous; T6 glabrous anteriorly, and densely punctate and pubescent dorsoposteriorly; T7 coarsely punctate with distinct pubescence anteriorly and finely, densely punctate posteriorly; and T8 coarsely punctate/foveate with pubescence. Legs sparsely pubescent except metatibia and metatarsomeres densely so. Apical teeth of metatibia short, stout, and blunt apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.90.

Male

Unknown.

The new species is most easily distinguished from all other species of Paramblynotus by having a triangular area in the middle of the posterior part of vertex with fine, longitudinal carinae, and is further separated from all other species of the ruficollis group by having petiole as long as wide.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Malaysia: N. Borneo, Tawau, Quoin Hill, Forest Camp (1.3–5 km WSW of Coca Research Station), 1962-VII-9–20, Y. Mirashima coll. (BPBM).

Distribution

Malaysia: Borneo.

Etymology

From Latin, carina, keel, ridge, and vertex, top. The name refers to the longitudinally carinate triangular area in middle of posterior part of vertex

Paramblynotus trisectus Maa, 1962

figures 56–63

Paramblynotus trisectus Maa, 1962: 126, ♀; Thailand; BPBM (HT♀).

Female

Length 5.0–6.0 mm. Wings slightly ferruginous with marginal and submarginal cells of forewing darker. Body color is discussed in remarks below.

Vertex heavily foveate-reticulate; gena densely punctate and foveate (fig. 56). Ocellar plate well defined by lateral carina, along which lined large foveae (fig. 56). Antennal scrobe mainly densely punctate, posteriorly somewhat longitudinally rugose. Median frontal carina absent in lower face. Pronotal crest medially raised into a small, triangular process. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate, with very sparse punctures (fig. 57). Mesoscutum transversely carinate with foveae set in between (fig. 58). Mesoscutellum sloped posteriorly (fig. 58). Lateral propodeal carina smoothly raised medially (fig. 60), arch-shaped in lateral view. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.77.

Male

Length about 4.5 mm, otherwise similar to female.

Paramblynotus trisectus is distinguished from the other species of the group by its more or less red mesosoma and its highly raised, in lateral view, arch-shaped lateral propodeal carina.

Geographical Variation

This species shows great variation in terms of body color pattern. Specimens from localities in Thailand, including the type locality, northern Vietnam, and the southernmost province of China, Yunnan, have head and mesosoma orange, propodeum black, and metasoma brown. Specimens from Nepal and the southern province of China Guangxi are darker, but the general color pattern differs only slightly and with mesoscutellum also black. The series of specimens from Hainan, China, are almost entirely dark, except small orange areas at the pronotum. The general trend of variation of color pattern appears to become increasingly darker from the south to the north. However, we otherwise have not found significant variation with respect to main structure and surface sculptures.

Material Examined

BPBM: 2 (1HT); BAU: 1; CNCI: 1; ZICA: 11; ZMLU-MS: 6.

Distribution

Thailand; China: Yunnan, Guangxi, and Hainan; Nepal.

Paramblynotus braziliensis, new species

figures 45–55

Female

Length 4.5–7.0 mm. Head, pronotum, antenna, and legs brown to dark brown; mesosoma except pronotum and metasoma, sometimes also pronotum, black. Forewing with a large macula covering marginal cell, distal third of first submarginal cell and basal third of second submarginal cell, a narrow band along interior side of basalis; both fore- and Hindwings have a lighter, wide band along outer margin.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex mainly foveate-reticulate posteriorly and glabrate anteriorly (fig. 46). Eye distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, glabrate-foveate, and defined laterally by carinae; a row of indistinct foveae lined between lateral carina of ocellar plate and a parallel, interior carina. Median frontal carina not extended to lower face and distinctly raised into a prominent, laminate, and apically flattened process. Upper face foveate laterally; antennal scrobe glabrous with setigerous punctures anteriorly; antennal scrobe deeply depressed and defined by carina laterally (figs. 45, 46). Gena foveate-punctate anteriorly and glabrous posteriorly, separated by a medial irregular vertical carina. Lower face foveate-reticulate and superficially transversely rugose. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus indistinct. Clypeus glabrous anteriorly, transversely carinate posteriorly, finely punctate both anteriorly and posteriorly, and anterior third separated by a transverse inflection (fig. 45). Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum indistinctly, finely longitudinally striate and punctate; submedian pronotal pits distinctly separated medially. Anterior plate of pronotum foveate and densely punctate with pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, but lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest medially broadly emarginate medially; two prominent submedian processes present immediately before crest, giving the impression that they are formed on the crest. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate (fig. 49). Dorsal pronotal area glabrous, present only along anterior part of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum slightly arched dorsally, transversely costate with foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by median longitudinal carina and four submedian equally strong carinae; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate and raised posteriorly; posterior margin truncate with a broad emargination in dorsal view and with conspicuous white pubescence. Axillar area with conspicuous white pubescence (figs. 49, 50). Mesopleural triangle well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina and with conspicuous white pubescence. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, without transverse costae; upper mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron glabrous and bordered by a distinct, straight carina ventrally. Metepisternum longitudinally irregularly costate, devoid of pubescence in upper part, and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and distinctly curved posteriorly; median propodeal area glabrous; median longitudinal carina distinct only anteriorly, ending at an anterior transverse carina; and posterior part of median propodeal area with two distinct submedian longitudinal carinae (fig. 50). Rs+M of forewing arising from anterior two-fifths of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.4 times as long as wide and 1.5 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent. Marginal cell 3.2 times as long as wide and 1.4 times as long as submarginal cell.

Abdominal petiole 0.92 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 2.6∶1.0∶1.1∶4.6∶0.6∶1.3; T3–5 glabrous; T3 with a small patch of sparse pubescence in punctures; T6 finely punctate anteriorly and posteriorly, more coarsely punctate with pubescence medially; T7 coarsely punctate with distinct pubescence anteriorly and very finely, densely punctate posteriorly; and T8 coarsely punctate/foveate with pubescence (fig. 53). Legs more or less densely pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia short, stout, and blunt apically (fig. 52). 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.80.

Male

Length about 4.0–6.0 mm. T3–6 subequal in length dorsally; T7 and T8 about 0.7 and 0.4 times the size of preceding tergites, respectively. Dorsal surface of T6–7 with setigerous punctures (fig. 55).

Paramblynotus braziliensis is very similar to the other two Neotropical Paramblynotus species (i.e., P. zonatus and P. costaricanus) and forms a distinct monophyletic clade defined by several characters, including (1) apical flagellomere apically compressed and broadly rounded, and almost as long as the subapical flagellomere (fig. 48); and (2) forewing with two dark brown maculae: a distal macula in marginal cell and basal part of Rs-cell and a proximal, transverse macula along outer side of vein basalis. It differs from the other two species of this clade in (1) vertex, especially medially, coarsely punctate; (2) two prominent, separate, triangular, submedian processes present immediately before pronotal crest; (3) lateral sides of posterior part of mesoscutellum abruptly narrowed behind dorsal lateral process (fig. 50); (4) forewing with a broad smoky band along outer margin; (5) petiole almost as long as wide; and (6) T6 of female metasoma with tip reaching as far as T7 posteriorly, dorsal margin evenly curved, and posterior margin distinctly concave (fig. 53).

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Brazil, Nova Teutonia, F. Plauman leg. (AEI). Paratypes: 236♀♂, Brazil: Nova Teutonia, 1944–1966, F. Plauman leg. (AEI: 116; NHM: 82, including 2 as SEM preparations; CMS: 16; CNCI: 8; NHRS: 5; ZML: 2; KJH: 5; UCDC: 1)

Additional Material

CNCI: 1.

Distribution

Brazil.

Etymology

Named after type locality.

Paramblynotus costaricanus, new species

Female

Length 4.5 mm. Head and pronotum yellow brown; mesonotum black; rest of the body, antenna, and legs brown to dark brown. Forewing with a large macula covering marginal cell, distal third of first submarginal cell and basal third of second submarginal cell, a narrow band along interior side of basal vein; both wings without a wide band along outer margin.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex glabrate except a posterior row of foveae along border between vertex and occiput. Eye prominent, distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, glabrate anterior to anterior ocellus and foveate-reticulate posteriorly, and defined laterally by distinct carina. Median frontal carina not extended to lower face and distinctly raised into a prominent, laminate, and apically flattened process. Upper face coriarious laterally; antennal scrobe glabrous with setigerous punctures anteriorly; antennal scrobe deeply depressed and defined by carina laterally. Gena glabrous and sparsely foveate, without medial vertical carina. Lower face foveate-reticulate. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Clypeus transversely rugose and foveate posteriorly, and glabrous and finely punctate anteriorly, anterior third separated by a transverse inflection. Lateral occipital carina, reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum longitudinally striate and punctate; submedian pronotal depressions distinctly separated medially. Anterior plate of pronotum foveate and densely punctate with pubescence medially, and glabrous laterally. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, but lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest broadly emarginate medially; two submedian processes present immediately before crest. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows between costae, and glabrate lateroposteriorly and lateroventrally. Dorsal pronotal area glabrous, present only along anterior half of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum slightly arched dorsally, transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by four longitudinal, equally strong carinae; mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate and raised posteriorly; posterior margin with a deep, wide triangular emargination in dorsal view and with conspicuous white pubescence. Axillar area with conspicuous white pubescence. Mesopleural triangle well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina and with conspicuous white pubescence. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, without transverse costae; both upper and lower mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron bordered by a distinct, straight carina ventrally. Metepisternum longitudinally costate and devoid of pubescence in upper part, conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent, distinctly curved posteriorly, and flattened inward dorsally to form a glabrous dorsal surface; median propodeal area glabrate with fine pubescence; median longitudinal carina distinct present anteriorly and absent posteriorly; two sinuated submedian longitudinal carinae present in posterior part of median propodeal area; transverse carina weak. Rs+M of forewing arising from anterior third of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.4 times as long as wide and 1.5 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.57 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 2.4∶1.0∶1.3∶5.3∶0.6∶1.6; T3 glabrous with a row of setigerous punctures; T4–5 finely punctate; T6 mostly more or less densely, finely punctate, except with a median patch of long pubescence in larger punctures dorsolaterally; T7 finely punctate with a row of pubescence in larger punctures anteriorly; and T8 coarsely punctate-foveate with pubescence. Legs more or less densely pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia short, stout, and blunt apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.68.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus costaricanus is most similar to P. zonatus. They can be separated from P. braziliensis by having (1) vertex glabrous with sparse punctures; (2) submedian processes before pronotal crest not as prominent; (3) lateral sides of posterior part of mesoscutellum not abruptly narrowed behind dorsal lateral process; (4) forewing without a broad smoky band along outer margin; (5) T6 of female metasoma with tip distinctly not reaching as far as T7 posteriorly; dorsal margin abruptly curved posteriorly, and posterior margin slightly concave. P. costaricanus can be furhter separated from P. zonatus by having (1) lateral sides of pronotum largely glabrous and gena entirely glabrous, and (2) mesoscutellum posteriorly with a broad triangular emargination.

Type Material

Holotype:♀, Costa Rica: Guanacaste: Santa Ross National Park, 1985-IV-17–27, collected by D. Janzen and I. Gauld (with Malaise trap), deposited in the Natural History Museum, London (NHM). Paratypes: 3♀♀. 2♀♀, locality and depository same as holotype, 1985-IV-17–27, collected by I. Gauld, and 1986-V-4–24, by D. Janzen and I. Gauld. 1♀, Guatemala: Zacapa (2 km from N. Santa Cruz), 1986-XI, collected by M. Sharkey (in dry river bed with Malaise trap), deposited in Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada (CNCI).

Distribution

Costa Rica; Guatemala.

Etymology

Named after holotype locality.

Paramblynotus zonatus Weld, 1956

Female

Length 5.2 mm. Head and pronotum yellow brown; mesonotum black; rest of the body, antenna, and legs brown to dark brown. Forewing with a large macula covering marginal cell, distal third of first submarginal cell and basal third of second submarginal cell a narrow band along interior side of the basal vein; both wings without a wide band along outer margin. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.73.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus zonatus is most similar to P. costaricanus, but it is distinguished from the latter by having (1) lateral sides of pronotum foveate-reticulate and gena foveate- to alveolate-reticulate, and (2) mesoscutellum, as of P. braziliensis, posteriorly with a broad, evenly rounded emargination.

Materials Examined

USNM: 1 (T); CNCI: 1.

Distribution

United States: Texas.

Diagnostic Characters

Body size medium to relatively large. Antenna filiform, widened toward apex or not. Female antenna usually 13-segmented, occasionally 12-segmented, with F1 distinctly shorter than F2. All flagellomeres have placodes; placodes short, not as long as the segment, and usually densely distributed on each medial to distal segments (figs. 67, 74, 75, 86, 87, 95). Male antenna has 14 segments, F1 cylindrical. Median frontal carina absent or present in lower face, sometimes extended beyond the middle; dorsally sometimes raised between antennal sockets into a lamellate process, which sometimes has a flattened dorsal surface (fig. 64). Occiput glabrous or longitudinally carinate (fig. 73).

Lateral pronotal carinae reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surfaces of pronotum foveate to foveate-reticulate, with or without secondary transverse costae, and medially separated by an extended, less sculptured anterior surface of anterior plate. Pronotal crest not raised (fig. 66) or conspicuously raised dorsomedially into a peak (fig. 76). Mesoscutum predominantly transversely carinate with more or less obvious foveae in between (fig. 76) or entirely foveate-reticulate (fig. 66). Mesoscutellum flat to sloped posteriorly and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus mostly divided by a single median carina, occasionally divided into more than two foveae by several subequally strong longitudinal carinae (P. chrysochaites and P. rufipes). Axillar area usually without conspicuous hair tuft. Upper mesopleuron glabrous. Median mesopleural impression straight, with a few, sometimes reduced vertical carinae (e.g., fig. 66). Metepisternum irregularly alveolate. Dorsoapical teeth of metatibia long and pointed (e.g., fig. 81); apical protuberance of first metatarsomere present (fig. 83) or absent.

Tergum7 of female metasoma with posterior margin usually not curved dorsolaterally, entirely covering T8, or occasionally curved dorsolaterally, distinctly exposing T8 (fig. 53). When T8 of female metasoma is exposed, the pronotum is always raised anterodorsally into a conspicuous peak (P. chrysochaites and P. rufipes). Terga 6–7/8 with more or less coarse punctures with hairs. Tergum5 of male metasoma expanded, particularly so ventrally, the largest postpetiolar tergum.

Paramblynotus conspiratus, new species

Female

Length 3.3 mm. Head and mesosoma black; metasoma dark brown. Antenna and legs yellow brown. Wings transparent.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum slightly widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, foveate-reticulate, and defined laterally by carina lined by large foveae along interior side. Median frontal carina simple, not extended to lower face anteriorly, and bifurcated posteriorly to seclude a small, triangular glabrous area beneath anterior ocellus. Upper face longitudinally rugose with sparse foveae; antennal scrobe densely punctate, deeply depressed, and not well defined by a carina laterally. Gena foveate-rugose, with a medial vertical carina on upper half. Lower face foveate/punctate-reticulate, with distinct transverse rugosity in upper one-fifth. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Clypeus foveate-reticulate, anteriorly also pubescent. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous; submedian pronotal pits separated far from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum densely punctate with pubescence, particularly laterally, and glabrous anteromedially. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, but lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised medially. Lateral pronotal carinae distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate and punctate, with superficial transverse carination. Dorsal pronotal area glabrous, present only along anterior half of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum almost flat dorsally; anteriorly and transversely costate with distinct foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by a strong longitudinal carina into two large foveae, each being further divided by one or two weaker, oblique carinae. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Axillar area with long white pubescence. Mesopleural triangle well defined ventrally by smoothly curved carina and with white pubescence. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, with evenly spaced transverse costae; upper mesopleuron glabrous with sparse anterior setigerous punctures; lower mesopleuron glabrous and pubescent ventrally, bordered by a smoothly curved carina ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate, devoid of pubescence in upper part, and pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and slightly curved medially; median propodeal area glabrate with superficial rugosity; median longitudinal carina and a submedian transverse carina present. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.2 times as long as wide and 1.4 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent. Areolet small, but distinct.

Petiole 0.67 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 3.1∶1.0∶1.2∶2.6∶1.4∶0.45; T3 glabrous; T4–5 finely punctate dorsomedially and otherwise glabrous; T6–7 mostly more or less densely, finely punctate, except each with a median patch of sparse pubescence in larger punctures dorsolaterally; and T8 only slightly exposed, punctate with pubescence. Legs more or less densely pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.65.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus conspiratus is unique among all species of the punctulatus group in having a mixture of characters that belong to the two major clades within this group that were previously recognized as two species groups, that is, the punctulatus group and the borneanus group (Ronquist, 1995b). Except for the few species that do not fall into either group, the groups sensu Ronquist (1995a) still hold as two distinct clades, which we hereby refer to as the punctulatus clade and the borneanus clade. The punctulatus clade is characterized by (1) occiput glabrous, (2) pronotum not raised, (3) mesoscutum foveate-reticulate, and (4) first metatarsomere without an apical protuberance. The borneanus clade is characterized by (1) occiput longitudinally carinate, (2) pronotum raised conspicuously into a peak, (3) mesoscutum distictly transversely carinate with foveae set in between, and (4) first metatarsomere with an apical protuberance (with a few exceptions).

Paramblynotus conspiratus does not belong to either of the clades and is easily distinguished by (1) occiput longitudinally carinate, (2) pronotum not raised, (3) mesoscutum distinctly transversely carinate with foveae set in between, and (4) first metatarsomere without an apical protuberance.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, China: Taiwan, Wushe (1,150 m), 1983-V-15, H. Townes coll. (AEI).

Distribution

China: Taiwan.

Etymology

Derived from Latin, conspiro, breathe together.

Paramblynotus reticulatus (29Kieffer, 1910)

Paraegilips reticulatus Kieffer (1910b: 335, ♂); Indonesia: Bintan; ZMHB (HT♂).

Paramblynotus reticulatus Hedicke in Hedicke and Kerrich (1940: 179), by inference through generic synonymy.

Female

Length 3.0 mm. Head and mesosoma black; metasoma and antenna dark brown; legs mostly dark brown except tibia and tarsus of fore- and middle legs, and tarsus of hindleg yellow brown. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.57.

Paramblynotus reticulatus differs from all other Paramblynotus species in (1) ocellar plate raised strongly into a conspicuous hump and (2) lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate above and punctate-reticulate below.

Male

Similar to female.

Material Examined

7♀♀, 2♂♂. ZMHB: 1♀(HT); NHM: 5 (3♀♀, 2♂♂); BPBM: 3♀♀.

Distribution

Indonesia: Bintang; Malaysia: Mardi; Laos: Vientiane Prov.

Biological Notes

The specimens from Laos are collected between 750 and 800 m.

Paramblynotus clarus (Weld, 1922)

Allocynips clarus Weld (1922: 330, ♂); Mindanao; USNM (HT♂, no. 24 378).

Paramblynotus clarus Weld (1930: 137).

Female

Length 4.8 mm. Pronotum, mesoscutum, and anterior part of mesoscutellum and mesopleuron brown; antenna and rest of body black to almost black; legs dark brown. Wings transparent. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.69.

Paramblynotus clarus differs from other species of the punctulatus clade in (1) its wings entirely transparent, (2) mesoscutellum raised and emarginate posteriorly, and (3) its unique body color pattern.

Male

Similar.

Material Examined

2♀♀, 1♂. USNM: 2 (HT♂), CAS: 1♀.

Distribution

Philippines: Mindanao; Ceylon: Kandy.

Paramblynotus formosanus (Hedicke, 1922)

Mayrella formosana Hedicke (1922: 190, ♀); Taiwan; DEIC (HT♀).

Paramblynotus formosanus Weld (1930: 137).

Female

Length 6.5 mm. Antenna, mesosoma, and coxae of legs, tarsus of hindleg black; metasoma and rest of legs brown. Wings entirely transparent. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.80.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus formosanus is easily separated from all other species of the punctulatus clade in that the female antenna is 12-segmented. In addition, the lower face of P. formosanus is densely punctate with sparse foveae, in contrast to the usual, mainly foveate-reticulate pattern of the punctulatus group.

Material Examined

1♀. DEIC: 1(HT).

Distribution

China: Taiwan.

Paramblynotus nipponensis, new species

Female

Length 3.3 mm. Antenna, head, and mesosoma deeply dark brown; metasoma and legs dark brown. Wings evenly, lightly ferruginous. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.68.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum slightly widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate with distinct longitudinally carinate component. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, foveate-reticulate, and defined laterally by carina lined by a row of large foveae along interior side of lateral carina. Median frontal carina simple, only present between antennal sockets, and bifurcated posteriorly to seclude a small, triangular glabrous area beneath anterior ocellus. Upper face longitudinally carinate and foveate laterally; antennal scrobe glabrate, densely punctate, longitudinally carinate posteriorly, deeply depressed, and well defined by carina laterally. Gena foveate-rugose anteriorly and horizontally costate posteriorly. Lower face foveate/punctate-reticulate. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a rectangle above the median transverse inflexion of clypeus. Clypeus punctate-reticulate. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous; submedian pronotal depressions slightly separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum mostly glabrous except punctate posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, but lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised medially. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate except transversely carinate lateroventrally. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present only along anterior half of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally and transversely costate with distinct foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina and two equally strong submedian carinae. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Axillar area without distinct white pubescence. Mesopleural triangle well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina and with sparse white pubescence. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, not transversely costate medially; upper mesopleuron glabrous with sparse setigerous punctures anteriorly; lower mesopleuron glabrous, conspicuously depressed along ventral margin, and sparsely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum longitudinally costate and devoid of pubescence in upper part, pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and curved medially; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina present only anterior to the submedian transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.5 times as long as wide and 1.6 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.55 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 entirely covered by T7; relative length of T3–7: 2.6∶1.0∶1.6∶4.3∶2.1; T3–5 glabrous; T6 finely punctate dorsomedially and otherwise glabrous; T7 mostly densely, finely punctate, with larger setigerous punctures dorsolaterally. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.60.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus nipponensis, P. punctulatus, and P. isolatus form a species complex that is characterized by “lacking” distinguishing characters; for example, body mostly dark or brown; wings evenly, lightly ferruginous; female antenna 13-segmented. In a word, there is no special modification of any major structures in these species. P. nipponensis differs from P. punctulatus and P. isolatus in (1) lateral propodeal carina anteriorly not raised into an almost triangular process and (2) scutellar sulcus divided by several subequal, longitudinal carinae. It further differs from P. isolatus in (1) antennal scrobes longitudinally carinate posteriorly, (2) gena horizontally costate posteriorly, and (3) mesoscutellum rounded posteriorly in dorsal view.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Japan: Ogasawara, Chichishima, Chuosan (300 m), 1980-VIII-15, J.L. Gressitt (BPBM).

Distribution

Japan: Ogasawara.

Etymology

This species is named after the type locality.

Paramblynotus punctulatus Cameron, 1908

figures 84–92

Paramblynotus punctulatus Cameron (1908: 300, ♀); Borneo; BMNH (2T♀, in main coll.).

*Allocynips borneensis Weld (1922: 322, ♀); Borneo; USNM (HT♀, no. 24 380, 2 PT♀). Combination and synonymy by Weld (1930b: 137).

*Paramblynotus rufiventris Cameron (1910: 131, ♀; Borneo; BMNH (HT♀, no. 7.8). Synonymy by 53Ronquist (1995:37).

Female

Length 2.5–4.5 mm. Antenna, head, and mesosoma deeply dark brown; metasoma and legs dark brown. Wings evenly, lightly ferruginous. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.70.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus punctulatus is similar to P. nipponensis and P. isolatus, but it differs from the latter in lateral propodeal carina anteriorly raised into a conspicuous, lamilate process (figs. 88, 89). In addition, lighter individuals of the species can be easily confused with darker individuals of the sympatric species P. ruficeps but can be distinguished from the latter with diagnostic characters listed under P. ruficeps.

Material Examined

87: AEI 63, BPBM 1, ZMLU-MS 1, CFR 2, NHM 13 (incl. 4T), NNMN 1, ROM 2, USNM 4 (incl. 3T).

Distribution

Malaysia: Borneo; Malaya; Indonesia: Sulawesi.

Lectotype Designation

We hereby designate a female deposited in NHM as lectotype of P. punctulatus. Labels: “Cotype” (with yellow cycle), “Kuching, J.H.”, “Paramblynotus punctulatus, Cam. Type, Borneo”, “W 29”, “P. Cameron Coll. 1914-110”, and our lectotype and determination label. In addition to the two female types that Ronquist (1995a) examined from the NHM (in main collection), Z.L. found in the NHM one male in the Hymenoptera type collection (B.M. TYPE 7.7.), which bears Cameron's designation label “ Paramblynotus punctulatus, Cam. Type ♂”. This male specimen also bears a round label reading “Type” with an orange cycle. However, the “Type” label is apparently a later addition. In addition, Cameron's original description was based on female specimen(s). Therefore, the male specimen is unlikely to be “the type” on which Cameron based his description of P. punctulatus. In addition, the male type specimen does not belong to the same species as the two female cotypes. Therefore, of the two female type specimens, the one that bears Cameron's type label is hereby selected among the three as the lectotype.

Paramblynotus isolatus, new species

Female

Length 3.5 mm. Antenna, head, and mesosoma deeply dark brown; metasoma and legs dark brown. Wings evenly, lightly ferruginous.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum not widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, glabrate anteriorly, foveate-reticulate posteriorly, and defined laterally by carina lined by a row of large foveae along interior side. Median frontal carina simple, only present between antennal sockets, and bifurcated posteriorly to seclude a small, triangular glabrous area beneath anterior ocellus. Upper face foveate laterally; antennal scrobe glabrous and sparsely punctate; antennal scrobe deeply depressed and well defined by carina laterally. Gena foveate-reticulate anteriorly, glabrate with superficial foveae posteriorly, and with a weak vertical carina medially. Lower face and clypeus foveate/punctate-reticulate. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a rectangle above transverse inflexion of clypeus. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous; submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous and finely punctate with pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, but lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised medially. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, not reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate mostly and transversely carinate lateroventrally. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present along anterior half of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate with foveae set in rows between superficial transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin truncate in dorsal view. Axillar area without distinct white pubescence. Mesopleural triangle well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina and with white pubescence. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, not transversely costate; upper and lower mesopleuron glabrous, the latter also conspicuously depressed along ventral margin and sparsely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate and devoid of pubescence in upper part, pubescent ventrally, and with a small elevated, glabrous area medially. Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent and subparallel to each other and not raised dorsally into a process; median propodeal area glabrate, median longitudinal carina percurrent crossed by submedian transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from slightly behind middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.6 times as long as wide and 1.5 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.58 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 almost entirely covered by T7 with tip slightly exposed; relative length of T3–7: 1.25∶1.0∶1.2∶2.3∶1.25; T3–5 glabrous; T6 finely punctate dorsomedially and otherwise glabrous; T7 mostly densely, finely punctate, with larger setigerous punctures dorsolaterally. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.70.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus isolatus is similar to P. nipponensis and P. punctulatus, but it differs from P. punctulatus in lateral propodeal carina not raised dorsally into an almost triangular process, and it differs from P. nipponensis in (1) antennal flagellum not widened apically, (2) scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina, (3) antennal scrobes entirely glabrous with fine punctures, (4) gena glabrate posteriorly, and (5) mesoscutellum truncate posteriorly in dorsal view.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, American Samoa: Tutuila, Mulinnuu, 1963-XII-8, T.C. Maa coll. (BPBM).

Etymology

From Latin, isolatus, detached. The name refers to the relative geographic isolation of the type locality.

Paramblynotus miltocephalus, new species

Female

Length 9.0 mm. Head red orange. Antenna, meso- and metasoma, and legs dark brown. Wings bicolored, forewing dark ferruginous in basal half and clear in distal half; hindwing ferruginous in basal two-thirds and clear in distal one-third.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate with black pubescence. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, glabrous anteriorly and foveate posteriorly, and defined laterally by carina. Median frontal carina simple, extended to level of lower margin of antennal sockets anteriorly and bifurcated posteriorly to seclude a small, triangular glabrous area beneath anterior ocellus. Upper face foveate laterally; antennal scrobe glabrous, densely finely punctate, and longitudinally carinate posteriorly; and antennal scrobe deeply depressed and well defined by carina laterally. Gena glabrous and very sparsely punctate. Lower face and clypeus punctate-reticulate and sparsely foveate; clypeus punctate anterior to submedian transverse inflexion. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous medially and densely punctate laterally.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous; submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous laterally and punctate with a few foveae medially. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, but lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised medially. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate mostly and transversely carinate lateroventrally. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present along anterior half of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate, with foveae set in rows between superficial transverse costae posteriorly. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Axillar area with distinct golden brown pubescence. Mesopleural triangle well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina and glabrate with sparse pubescence. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, not transversely costate; upper mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron glabrous, conspicuously depressed along ventral margin, and sparsely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum glabrous and areolate-reticulate in upper part and pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent and almost parallel to each other, and raised throughout into a conspicuous ridge; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina only present before submedian transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from anterior third of basal vein; basal vein nebulous. Marginal cell 3.5 times as long as wide and 1.8 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.64 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 entirely covered by T7; relative length of T3–7: 20∶1.0∶1.1∶3.9∶1.65; T3–5 glabrous; T6 mostly glabrous and only very sparsely punctate; T7 punctate with pubescence dorsolaterally and otherwise glabrous. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.78.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus miltocephalus is easily recognized among all Paramblynotus species by color pattern of its body and wings.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Laos: Vientiane Prov., Phou-kow-kui (800 m), 1965-IV-12–13, G. Gressitt coll. (BPBM).

Distribution

Laos: Vientiane Prov.

Etymology

From Greek, miltos, red, and cephalo-, head. The name describes the red orange color of the head in comparison to the dark brown color of its body.

Paramblynotus ornatus, new species

Female

Length 7.0 mm. Body entirely bright yellow, except antennal flagellum dark brown. Forewing mostly smoky; marginal cell, first discoidal cell, and area interior to basal vein light yellow; hindwing smoky distally and light yellow proximally.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex glabrous and sparsely foveate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate not distinctly raised, glabrate and sparsely foveate-punctate, and defined laterally by weak carina. Median frontal carina very briefly present above antennal sockets. Upper face foveate laterally; antennal scrobe glabrous and finely punctate, deeply depressed, and well defined by carina laterally. Gena glabrous and very sparsely punctate. Lower face and clypeus punctate-reticulate and sparsely foveate; clypeus anterior to submedian transverse inflexion glabrate-punctate. Anterior tentorial pits small. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous; submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous, only punctate dorsomedially. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, slightly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised medially. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present along anterior half of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate, with foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Axillar area without distinct pubescence. Mesopleural triangle well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina and glabrate with sparse pubescence. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, not transversely costate medially; upper and lower mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron conspicuously depressed along ventral margin and sparsely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum glabrous, areolate-reticulate in upper part and pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent and distinctly directed toward outside posteriorly and raised throughout into a conspicuous ridge; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina present prior to submedian transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein; basal vein nebulous. Marginal cell 3.6 times as long as wide and 1.7 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.47 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 slightly exposed; relative length of T3–8: 2.5∶1.0∶1.4∶4.8∶2.3∶0.6; T3–5 glabrous; T6 mostly glabrous and punctate dorsomedially; T7 densely punctate and dorsolaterally coarsely punctate/foveate with pubescence. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.78.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus ornatus is similar to P. miltocephalus, but it differs from the latter readily by its entirely yellow color of body and the largely smoky wings.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Indonesia: Sumatra, Medan (NHRS). Paratypes: 3♀♀. 1♀, Malaysia, Selangor (rubber plantation), probably collected in 1951-IV as indicated by the number “2.007-4-51” on the collection label (NHM); 1♀, Thailand: Tak Prov., Thung Thai (300 m), 1988-IV-27–V-6, M.J.D. Brendell coll. (NHM); 1♀, Vietnam: Tokin, Hoabinh, 1918-8, R.V. de Salvaza coll. (NHM).

Distribution

Southeast Asia.

Etymology

From Latin, ornatus, handsome.

Paramblynotus cheni, new species

Female

Length 3.5 mm. Body entirely dark brown except metasoma ventrally and legs brown.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, foveate-reticulate, and defined laterally by weak carina. Median frontal carina simple, reaching to level of lower margin of eye. Upper face, including antennal scrobe, foveate to coarsely punctate; antennal scrobe slightly depressed, with longitudinal rugosity, and defined by carina laterally. Gena foveate-reticulate. Lower face and clypeus foveate-reticulate; anterior tentorial pits small. Lateral occipital carina reaching posterior part of vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous; submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous, finely punctate dorsomedially. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, slightly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised medially. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present almost to end of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum strongly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Axillar area without distinct pubescence. Mesopleural triangle pubescent, well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and transversely costate; upper mesopleuron glabrous except finely punctate anteriorly; lower mesopleuron glabrous, conspicuously depressed along ventral margin, and sparsely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent and raised throughout into a ridge; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina present prior to submedian transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.5 times as long as wide and slightly longer than submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 1.13 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 not exposed; relative length of T3–7: 2.0∶1.0∶1.3∶2.0∶1.1; T3–4 glabrous; T5–6 densely punctate; T7 densely punctate and with row of sparse pubescence anteriorly. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.72.

Paramblynotus cheni is similar to P. isolatus, P. nipponensis, P. punctulatus, but it differs from the latter in the following charaters: antennal scrobe slightly depressed and with longitudinal rugosity; median frontal carina distinct and extended in lower face beyond the lower margin of eye; longitudinal mesopleural impression distinctly transversely costate; petiole longer than width; and T6 of female strongly expanded lateroventrally with posterior margin parallel with the posterior margin of T5.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, China: Zhejiang, Tianmu Mt., Zhutuoling, 1964-VI-11, L. Chen coll. (ZICA).

Distribution

Eastern China.

Etymology

This species is named after the collector Lutai Chen for his significant contribution to studies on Chinese Hymenoptera fauna.

Paramblynotus hainanensis, new species

Male

Length 5.0 mm. Head and metasoma deeply dark brown, metasoma black, and antenna, legs brown, and metasoma ventrally light brown to brown. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and the part of third cubital cell behind marginal cell.

Antenna 14-segmented; flagellum filiform, F1 not sinuated. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, foveate-reticulate, and defined laterally by weak carina lined with a row of foveae along interior side. Median frontal carina raised into a laminate process, which is triangular in lateral view, above antennal sockets, bifurcated to seclude a small, glabrous triangular area beneath anterior ocellus, and reaching to level of lower margin of eye. Upper face foveate laterally; antennal scrobe deeply depressed, mostly densely punctate, foveate posteriorly, and distinctly defined by carina laterally. Gena foveate-reticulate and punctate. Lower face punctate/foevate-reticulate; clypeus densely punctate and longitudinally carinate; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Anterior tentorial pits small. Lateral occipital carina not reaching posterior part of vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum finely transversely striate; submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous, densely punctate dorsomedially. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, but lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised medially. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and punctate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present to middle of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum strongly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin with a broad emargination in dorsal view; lateral dorsal process distinct. Axillar area without distinct pubescence. Mesopleural triangle pubescent, well defined ventrally by smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, transversely costate; upper mesopleuron glabrous except finely punctate anteriorly; lower mesopleuron glabrous, conspicuously depressed along ventral margin, and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina abruptly curved medially; median propodeal area areolate-reticulate; median longitudinal carina percurrent, crossed by submedian transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.4 times as long as wide and slightly longer than submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 1.4 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.7∶1.0∶1.1∶1.0∶0.8∶1.1; T3–4 glabrous; T5–8 densely punctate; T6–8 also with sparse, larger puncture with pubescence. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.65.

Female

Unknown.

Paramblynotus hainanensis is similar to P. annulicornis and the other species of the annulicornis species complex discussed below. It differs from the latter by its entirely brown to dark brown body, antenna with a submedial pale ring, and mesoscutellum with a broad posterior emargination.

Type Material

Holotype: ♂, China: Hainan, Tien Fong Mt. (as reads in the label, but most probably Tie Feng Mt.), 1983-V-16, Boucek coll. (USNM). Paratype: 1♂, same data (USNM).

Distribution

Hainan, China.

Etymology

This species is named after the type locality.

Paramblynotus annulicornis Cameron, 1910

figures 64–71

Paramblynotus annulicornis Cameron (1910: 132, ♂; Borneo; BMNH HT♂, no. 7.11).

Female

Length 4.0–8.0 mm. Body usually entirely light to dark brown; metasoma of some males nearly black. Antenna 13-segmented and parti-colored with a medial pale ring including distal half of F6, F7, usually F8, and occasionally F9; scape, pedicel, and F1–5 dark brown; flagellomeres beyond the pale ring black. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and the basal part of submarginal cell.

Male

Length 4.0–5.0 mm. Antenna 14-segmented. Pale ring of antenna usually less extensive than in female, only involves F6–7.

Paramblynotus annulicornis, barbarae, stigi, shimenensis, glaberus, yuani, weiae, eriki, asae, filippae, ebbae, and axelli form a monophyletic clade referred here as the annulicornis species complex. All of these species are distributed in the tropical southern Pacific islands, except P. shimenensis from the subtropical central south of China (also see earlier biogeographical discussion). The species complex is easily distinguished from other species of the genus in that the antenna has a submedial pale ring including F5/6–6/10, contrasting to the rest of flagellum; body mostly yellow and sometimes dark brown; and forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and basal third of submarginal cell.

Considering the relatively small amount of effective distinguishing features among the species and variations across species of the species complex, it is likely that some of the species names described herein may eventually turn out to be synonymies of the others. Nonetheless, we think that it is advantageous to describe them as we perceive and provide a platform for future taxonomic revision when a greater number of specimens of the complex become available.

Material Examined

NHM (1T), NNMN (5), ZMLU-MS (2); BPBM (1); AEI (10), ROM (7), USNM(1).

Distribution

Indonesia: Kalimantan; Malaysia: Borneo.

Paramblynotus barbarae, new species

Female

Length 3.5–4.0 mm. Body entirely brown. Antenna dark brown with submedial pale ring consisting of F6–7. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and the part of third cubital cell behind the marginal cell. Body parts, except as specified below, with moderately dense silvery pubescence.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex heavily foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, foveate-reticulate, and defined laterally by weak, irregular carina. Median frontal carina simple, indistinct beyond lower margin of antennal sockets. Upper face foveate-reticulate; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, glabrate with dense fine punctures, and defined by distinct carina laterally. Gena foveate-reticulate and densely pubescent. Lower face and clypeus foveate-rugose; clypeus with dense long pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Lateral occipital carina not quite reaching posterior part of vertex. Occiput glabrous, anteriorly separated from vertex by an irregular transverse carina.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous; submedian pronotal depressions separated medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous, finely punctate dorsomedially. Pronotum dorsomedially not raised, distinctly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised medially. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially, and distinctly separating lateral surface of pronotum in the middle. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with dense pubescence. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present to anterior two-thirds of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum strongly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Pubescence in axillar area distinct but not conspicuous. Mesopleural triangle densely pubescent, well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, not transversely costate; mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron distinctly depressed along ventral margin, and sparsely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, slightly raised anterodorsally, and distinctly curved laterad submedially; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina percurrent; submedian transverse carina distinct or not, always preceded by an additional transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.2 times as long as wide and slightly shorter than submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.6 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 slightly exposed; relative length of T3–7: 1.6∶1.0∶0.9∶1.6∶0.9; T3–5 glabrous; T6 finely punctate with sparse pubescence; T7 finely punctate, with a band of sparse pubescence anteriorly. Tibia and tarsi conspicuously pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.63.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus barbarae differs from the other species of the annulicornis complex in having median frontal carina not extended beyond antennal sockets and vertex foveate-reticulate entirely.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Malaysia: Negri S., Posah Forest Reserve (primary forest), 1978-XII-5, P. and M. Becker coll. (AEI). Paratype: 1♀, 1979-VIII-14, other data as holotype (AEI).

Distribution

Malaysia: Borneo.

Etymology

This species is named after Dr. Barbara Ekbom for her kind support and moral encouragement of the study.

Paramblynotus stigi, new species

Female

Length 4.0 mm. Body entirely dark brown. Submedial pale ring of antenna consisting of F6–7; F8–11 almost black, all other segments dark brown. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and part of third cubital cell behind marginal cell. Body parts, except as specified below, with medially dense silvery pubescence.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, foveate posterior to anterior ocellus, finely carinate anteriorly, and not defined laterally by carina. Median frontal carina raised into a simple lamilate process between antennal sockets and extended beyond lower margin of eyes. Upper face foveate to foveate-reticulate; antennal scrobe defined by distinct carina laterally, distinctly depressed, and glabrate with fine punctures and fine diagonal carination. Gena glabrate-foveate. Lower face and clypeus foveate-rugose with dense pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits indistinct. Lateral occipital carina not reaching posterior part of vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum transversely striate; submedian pronotal depressions separated medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous, finely punctate dorsomedially. Pronotum dorsomedially not raised, distinctly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest distinctly raised into a median lobular process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially, and distinctly separating lateral surface of pronotum in the middle. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with dense pubescence. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present to anterior third of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum strongly arched dorsally and heavily foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; laterodorsal process of mesoscutellum prominent; posterior margin projected into two submedial processeses triangular in dorsal view. Pubescence in axillar area distinct but not conspicuous. Mesopleural triangle densely pubescent, well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, with a few indistinct transverse costae; mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron strongly depressed along ventral margin and densely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, dorsomedially strongly raised and distinctly curved laterad; median propodeal area punctate with sparse pubescence; median longitudinal carina only present anteriorly and submedian transverse carina prominent. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.5 times as long as wide and as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 1.1 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 slightly exposed; relative length of T3–7: 1.6∶1.0∶1.0∶1.3∶1.0; T3–5 glabrous; T6 finely punctate with sparse pubescence; T7 finely punctate, with a band of sparse pubescence anteriorly. Tibia and tarsi conspicuously pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.80.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus stigi differs from all other species of annulicornis species complex in (1) mesoscutellum raised and projected posteriorly with a deep median triangular emargination, and (2) antennal scrobes and ocellar plate anterior to anterior ocellus finely longitudinally carinate.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Indonesia: W. Kalimantan, Gunung Palung National Park, 1991-VI-17–29, C. Darling and Rosichon coll. (Sutrisno. IIS 910136) (ROM).

Distribution

Indonesia: Kalimantan.

Etymology

This species is named after Dr. Stig Larsson for his support and encouragement of this study, and for his friendship.

Paramblynotus yuani, new species

Female

Length 3.0 mm. Body light brown. Submedial pale ring of antenna consisting of F6–7. Flagellomeres beyond pale ring black, and all other segments brown. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and part of third cubital cell behind marginal cell. Body parts, except as specified below, with moderately dense silvery pubescence.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, foveate-reticulate, defined laterally by carina, and with a row of large foveae along lateral carinae. Median frontal carina raised into a lamilate, appically slightly flattened process, and percurrent to clypeus. Upper face foveate to foveate-reticulate; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, mostly foveate-reticulate and somewhat longitudinally rugose in lower part, and defined by distinct carina laterally. Gena rough foveate-reticulate. Lower face foveate-rugose and irregularly punctuate with sparse pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeus punctate with dense pubescence. Lateral occipital carina not reaching to posterior part of vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous; submedian pronotal depressions separated medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous mostly and punctate dorsomedially. Pronotum dorsomedially not raised, distinctly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised into a median process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with pubescence and distinctly separated in the middle. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, narrow, but visible to end of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum strongly arched dorsally and heavily foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; laterodorsal process of mesoscutellum not prominent; posterior margin projected and medially emarginated in dorsal view. Pubescence in axillar area distinct but not conspicuous. Mesopleural triangle densely pubescent and well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent with a few indistinct transverse costae; mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron strongly depressed along ventral margin and densely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, dorsomedially strongly raised into, in lateral view, an apically broadly rounded triangular process and distinctly curved laterad; median propodeal area glabrate with sparse pubescence; median longitudinal carina distinct prior to prominent submedian transverse carina and replaced by two distinct longitudinal submedian carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.1 times as long as wide and slightly longer than submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.8 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 entirely covered by T7; relative length of T3–7: :1.5∶1.0∶1.0∶2.3∶1.0; T3–5 glabrous; T6 finely punctuate with sparse pubescence; T7 finely punctate, with row of sparse pubescence anteriorly. Tibiae and tarsi conspicuously pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.65.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus yuani, P. stigi and P. filippae are different from all other species of the annulicornis species complex with their mesoscutellum raised and projected posteriorly, and posterior margin truncate or emarginate. P. yuani differs from P. stigi in that antennal scrobes not longitudinally carinate posteriorly, gena without a median glabrate area, and tergum 8 of female metasoma completely covered by T7, and from P. filippae in that antennal scrobes foveate and posterior margin of mesoscutellum emarginate.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Malaysia: Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negri S., 1979-IV-2, P. & M. Becker coll. (AEI).

Distribution

Malaysia: Negri S.

Etymology

This species is named after Yuan Liu, son of Z.L.

Paramblynotus filippae, new species

Female

Length 3.0–3.3 mm. Body brown to dark brown. Submedial pale ring of antenna consisting of F7–8 and sometimes also part of F6 and F9. Flagellomeres beyond pale ring black, and all other segments dark brown to black. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and part of third cubital cell behind marginal cell. Body parts, except as specified below, with moderately dense silvery pubescence.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, foveate-reticulate, defined laterally by carina, and with a row of large foveae along lateral carinae. Median frontal carina raised into a lamilate process and percurrent to clypeus. Upper face foveate to foveate-reticulate; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, glabrate with fine punctures, and defined by distinct carina laterally. Gena foveate-reticulate. Lower face foveate-rugose with dense pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeus punctate. Lateral occipital carina not reaching to posterior part of vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum transversely striate; submedian pronotal depressions separated medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous mostly and punctate dorsomedially. Pronotum dorsomedially not raised, distinctly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised into a median process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with pubescence and distinctly separated in the middle. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, anteriorly with indistinct transverse striation, visible to end of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum strongly arched dorsally and heavily foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; laterodorsal process of mesoscutellum not prominent; posterior margin projected and truncate in dorsal view. Pubescence in axillar area distinct but not conspicuous. Mesopleural triangle densely pubescent and well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent with a few indistinct transverse costae; mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron strongly depressed along ventral margin and sparsely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, dorsomedially strongly raised and distinctly curved laterad; median propodeal area glabrate with sparse pubescence; median longitudinal carina purcurrent and submedian transverse carina prominent. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.1 times as long as wide and slightly longer than submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 entirely covered by T7; relative length of T3–7: 1.4∶1.0∶1.2∶1.9∶1.5; T3–5 glabrous; T6 finely punctate; T7 finely punctate, with row of sparse pubescence anteriorly. Tibiae and tarsi conspicuously pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.70.

Male

Length 2.8 mm. Antenna 14-segmented. Pale ring of antenna absent.

Paramblynotus filippae is very similar to P. yuani and P. stigi, and can be distinguished from both by several characters as discussed under P. yuani.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Indonesia: Sumatra, Aceh Gunung Leuser National Park, Ketambe Research Station (3°41′N, 97°39′E, 300 m, Rain Forest, Young Forest Terrace 3, light gap), 1990-II-1–28, D.C. Darling coll. (ROM). Paratypes: 3♀♀, 1♂: 1♀, data as holotype 1991-VI-17–29 (ROM); 2♀♀, data as holotype, 1991-VI-15–VIII-15 (ROM); 1♂, Malaysia: Sabah, near Danum Valley Field Center (ca. 140 m), 1987-II-24–III-24, C. v. Achterberg coll. (RMNH).

Distribution

Indonesia: Sumatra.

Etymology

This species is named after Filippa Ronquist, daughter of F.R.

Paramblynotus shimenensis, new species

Female

Length 4.5 mm. Body entirely dark brown. Submedial pale ring of antenna consisting of F6–7, F8–11 almost black, and all other segments dark brown. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and the part of third cubital cell behind marginal cell. Body parts, except as specified below, with moderately dense silvery pubescence.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, glabrate anteriorly, foveate posterior to anterior ocellus, and with a row of indistinctly defined foveae along interior side. Median frontal carina complete to clypeus and raised into a distinct lamilate process between antennal sockets. Upper face foveate-rugose; antennal scrobe defined by distinct carina laterally, distinctly depressed, and glabrate and finely punctate with apparent fine longitudinal striation. Gena areolate/foveate-reticulate with a median vertical carina. Lower face and clypeus foveate-rugose. Anterior tentorial pits indistinct. Lateral occipital carina reaching posterior part of vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum transversely striate; submedian pronotal depressions separated medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous, finely sparsely punctate dorsomedially. Pronotum dorsomedially not raised, distinctly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised into a median process. Lateral pronotal carinae distinct and reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially; lateral surface of pronotum distinctly separated in the middle. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present to anterior third of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum strongly arched dorsally and heavily foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; laterodorsal process of mesoscutellum smoothly curved lateroposteriorly to posterior margin of mesoscutellum; posterior margin broadly rounded in dorsal view. Pubescence in axillar area distinct but not conspicuous. Mesopleural triangle densely pubescent, well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, with two more or less distinct transverse costae; mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron strongly depressed along ventral margin, and densely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, distinctly raised dorsally throughout and slightly curved laterad in posterior half; median propodeal area glabrate with sparse pubescence; median longitudinal carina present anteriorly only, submedian transverse carina prominent, and two submedian longitudinal carinae present posteriorly. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.7 times as long as wide and slightly longer than submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc + R₁ absent.

Petiole 1.1 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 completely hidden beneath T7; relative length of T3–7: 2.0∶1.0∶1.2∶2.5∶1.2; T3–5 glabrous; T6 finely punctate with single row of pubescence; T7 finely punctate, with a band of sparse pubescence anteriorly. Tibiae and tarsi conspicuously pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.56.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus shimenensis differs from all other species of annulicornis species complex by combination of the following characters: (1) median frontal carina raised into a distinct lamilate process between antennal sockets and complete to clypeus, (2) gena areolate/foveate-reticulate with a median vertical carina, and (3) T6 longer than T3.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, China: Hunan, Shimen, Jiangping, Xiaoxi (1,470 m, mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest), 1992-VIII-16–IX-15, F. Du and Z. Liu coll. (ZICA).

Distribution

China: Hunan.

Etymology

The species is named after the type locality.

Paramblynotus glaberus, new species

Female

Length 3.5 mm. Body entirely yellow brown. Submedial pale ring of antenna consisting of F6–8, F9–11 dark brown, and all other segments brown. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and the part of third cubital cell behind marginal cell. Body parts, except as specified below, with medially dense silvery pubescence.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, defined by distinct carinae laterally, foveate posterior to anterior ocellus, and glabrate anteriorly. Median frontal carina complete to clypeus and raised between antennal sockets to form a distinct lamilate process. Upper face glabrate-foveate; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, glabrous, and defined by a distinct carina laterally. Gena areolate-rugulose with a median vertical carina. Lower face and clypeus foveate-rugose. Anterior tentorial pits indistinct. Lateral occipital carina reaching posterior part of vertex. Occiput glabrous, anteriorly separated by a transverse carina from vertex.

Anterior flange of pronotum transversely striate; submedian pronotal pits separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous. Pronotum dorsomedially not raised, distinctly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised into a median process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially; lateral surface of pronotum distinctly separated in the middle. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area punctate with pubescence, complete to end of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum strongly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; laterodorsal process of mesoscutellum distinctly projected laterad; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Pubescence in axillar area distinct but not conspicuous. Mesopleural triangle densely pubescent, well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, with two more or less distinct transverse costae; mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron strongly depressed along ventral margin, and densely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and distinctly pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, distinctly raised dorsomedially into lobular process and slightly curved laterad medially; median propodeal area glabrous; median longitudinal carina weakly percurrent; and median transverse carina distinct. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.6 times as long as wide and slightly longer than submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 completely hidden beneath T7; relative length of T3–7: 1.9∶1.0∶1.1∶2.8∶2.1; T3–5 glabrous; T6 finely punctate with a few scattered pubescence; T7 finely punctate, with a narrow band of sparse pubescence anteriorly. Tibia and tarsi conspicuously pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.60.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus glaberus is similar to P. shimenensis in that both species have (1) median frontal carina raised into a distinct lamilate process between antennal sockets and complete to clypeus, (2) gena areolate/foveate-reticulate with a median vertical carina, and (3) T6 longer than T3. The species is further separated from P. shimenensis by its (1) mainly glabrous upper face, (2) presence of a dorsal occipital carina, (3) distinctly projected dorsolateral process of mesoscutellum, and (4) T7 only slightly shorter than T6.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Malaysia: Negri S., Posah Forest Reserve, 1978-VIII-22, P. and M. Becker coll. (AEI).

Distribution

Malaysia: Borneo.

Etymology

This species is derived from glaber (Latin), meaning smooth without hair, referring to its glabrous upper face.

Paramblynotus weiae, new species

Female

Length 2.8 mm. Body entirely dark brown. Submedial pale ring of antenna consisting of F6–7, and the other segments brown. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and part of third cubital cell behind marginal cell. Body parts, except as specified below, with moderately dense silvery pubescence.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, defined by weak carina laterally, foveate posterior to anterior ocellus, and glabrate anteriorly. Median frontal carina raised into a low, dorsally flattened ridge between antennal sockets, and distinctly extending to clypeus. Upper face glabrate-foveate; antennal scrobe defined by distinct carina laterally, distinctly depressed, and glabrous with faint diagonal carination and punctate with distinct pubescence. Gena areolate-rugulose anteriorly and glabrate posteriorly. Lower face and clypeus foveate-rugose with apparent radiating carination in lower part of lower face and clypeus. Anterior tentorial pits small. Lateral occipital carina reaching posterior part of vertex. Occiput glabrous, anteriorly not separated by a transverse carina from vertex.

Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous. Pronotum dorsomedially not raised, distinctly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised into a median process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially; lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and distinctly separated in the middle. Dorsal pronotal area glabrous, present to long posterior margin of pronotum to middle part. Mesoscutum strongly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; laterodorsal process of mesoscutellum moderately projected laterad and low triangular in dorsal view; posterior margin rounded. Pubescence in axillar area distinct but not conspicuous. Mesopleural triangle densely pubescent, well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, with four more or less distinct transverse costae; mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron strongly depressed along ventral margin. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate without distinct pubescence ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, raised dorsomedially, subsemicircular in lateral view, and slightly curved laterad medially; median propodeal area glabrate with long, sparse pubescence; median longitudinal carina and median transverse carina distinct. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.3 times as long as wide and slightly longer than submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 1.2 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 completely hidden beneath T7; relative length of T3–7: 2.7∶1.0∶2.0∶2.3∶1.5; T3–5 glabrous; T6–7 finely punctate, without pubescence (which could have been removed artificially). Tibia and tarsi conspicuously pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.67.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus weiae is similar to P. annulicornis, but it differs in (1) antennal F1/F2  =  0.6 (usually F1/F2  =  0.8–0.9 in P. annulicornis species complex), (2) median frontal carina not raised into a laminate process, and (3) median propodeal carina percurrent, not bifurcated posteriorly.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Vietnam: Fyan (900–1,000 m), 1961-VII-11–VIII-9, N.R. Spencer coll. (BPBM).

Distribution

Vietnam.

Etymology

This species is named after Wei Liu (Vivian), daughter of Z.L.

Paramblynotus eriki, new species

Female

Length 4.0 mm. Body entirely yellow brown. Submedial pale ring of antenna consisting of F5–8, F9–11 nearly black, and all other segments dark brown. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and part of third cubital cell behind marginal cell. Body parts, except as specified below, with moderately dense silvery pubescence.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, defined by distinct carina laterally, foveate posterior to anterior ocellus, and glabrate anteriorly with indistinct foveae along sides. Median frontal carina complete to clypeus and raised into a prominent lamilate, triangular (in lateral view) process between antennal sockets. Upper face foveate; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, defined by distinct carina laterally, and densely punctate with pubescence. Gena shallowly foveate-reticulate. Lower face and clypeus foveate-rugose. Anterior tentorial pits indistinct. Lateral occipital carina not reaching posterior part of vertex. Occiput glabrous, anteriorly not separated by a transverse carina from vertex.

Anterior flange of pronotum transversely striate; submedian pronotal depressions separated medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous. Pronotum dorsomedially not raised, distinctly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest slightly raised medially but not into a distinct process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and distinctly separated in the middle. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, only present along median part of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum strongly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; laterodorsal process of mesoscutellum distinctly projected laterad and lobular; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Pubescence in axillar area distinct but not conspicuous. Mesopleural triangle densely pubescent, well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, with five distinct transverse costae; mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron strongly depressed along ventral margin and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, distinctly raised dorsomedially into lobular process (triangular in lateral view) and strongly curved laterad medially; median propodeal area glabrate with sparse pubescence; median longitudinal carina percurrent and median transverse carina distinct. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.0 times as long as wide and slightly shorter than submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 1.75 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 completely hidden beneath T7; relative length of T3–7: 1.6∶1.0∶1.1∶1.3∶0.8; T3–5 glabrous; T6 finely punctate with scattered pubescence; T7 finely punctate, with a narrow band of sparse pubescence anteriorly. Tibia and tarsi conspicuously pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.64.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus eriki differs from all other species of the annulicornis complex by a combination of (1) median frontal carina raised into a prominent lamilate process between antennal sockets and complete to clypeus, (2) pronotal crest slightly raised medially, (3) petiole 1.75 times as long as wide, and (4) T5–6 not particularly larger compared to the other tergites.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Malaysia: Negri S., Pasoh Forest Reserve (secondary forest), 1979-I-25, coll. P. and M. Becker (AEI).

Distribution

Malaysia: Borneo.

Etymology

This species is named after Erik Nordlander, son of G.N.

Paramblynotus asae, new species

Female

Length 2.5–3.0 mm. Body entirely dark brown. Submedial pale ring of antenna consisting of F6–7, and all other segments dark brown. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and the part of third cubital cell behind marginal cell. Body parts, except as specified below, with medially dense long golden pubescence.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, foveate-reticulate entirely, and not defined by distinct carina laterally. Median frontal carina extended to the level of lower margin of eyes and raised into a lamilate, dorsally flattened process between antennal sockets. Upper face foveate; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, punctate to punctate-reticulate, and defined by distinct carina laterally. Gena foveate-rugose. Lower face and clypeus foveate-rugose, clypeus also with apparent longitudinal striation. Anterior tentorial pits indistinct. Lateral occipital carina barely reaching posterior part of vertex. Occiput glabrous, anteriorly not separated by a transverse carina from vertex.

Anterior flange of pronotum transversely striate; submedian pronotal depressions separated medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous and finely punctate with pubescence dorsomedially. Pronotum dorsomedially not raised, distinctly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised medially. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and distinctly separated in the middle. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present to middle of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum strongly arched dorsally and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; laterodorsal process of mesoscutellum indistinct; lateral sides convergent posteriorly, and posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Pubescence in axillar area distinct but not conspicuous. Mesopleural triangle densely pubescent, well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, with many more or less distinct transverse costae; mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron strongly depressed along ventral margin and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, distinctly raised throughout into a high ridge and strongly curved laterad medially; median propodeal area foveate with sparse pubescence; median longitudinal carina percurrent and median transverse carina distinct. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.0 times as long as wide and slightly longer than submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 1.1 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 completely hidden beneath T7; relative length of T3–7: 1.75∶1.0∶1.2∶1.6∶0.9; T3–5 glabrous; T6–7 finely punctate, each with a single row of long pubescence/setae. Tibia and tarsi conspicuously pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.85.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus asae is close to P. ebbae but differs in (1) median frontal carina raised into a distinct, dorsally flattened process between antennal sockets, and (2) antennal scrobes densely and coarsely punctate.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Indonesia: Sulawesi, Dumoga-Bone N.P., Toraut (680 m), 1985-V, J.S. Noyes coll. (NHM, B.M. 1985-10). Paratypes: 4♀♀. 2♀♀, same data (except at 600 m) as holotype (NHM); 1♀, Indonesia: Sulawesi, Dumoga-Bone N.P. (Platc. F.I.T.2), 1985-II-6–13 (NHM); 1♀, Indonesia: N. Sulawesi (7 km from N. Malibagu, 0°27′N, 123°58′E, 125 m), C. v. Achterberg (NNMN).

Distribution

Indonesia: Sulawesi.

Etymology

This species is named after Asa Nordlander, daughter of G.N.

Paramblynotus ebbae, new species

Female

Length 2.8 mm. Body dark brown. Submedial pale ring of antenna consisting of F6–7. Flagellomeres other than F6–7 black. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and part of third cubital cell behind marginal cell. Body parts, except as specified below, with moderately dense silvery pubescence.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, not defined laterally by distinct carina, surface foveate, and with a row of large foveae lining each side. Median frontal carina raised into a low lamilate process and percurrent to clypeus. Upper face foveate to foveate-reticulate; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, with dense and fine punctures, and defined by distinct carina laterally. Gena foveate-reticulate. Lower face foveate-reticulate with dense pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeus punctate/foveate-reticulate. Lateral occipital carina not reaching posterior part of vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrate with trace of fine, transverse striation; submedian pronotal depressions separated medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous and punctate dorsomedially. Pronotum dorsomedially not raised, distinctly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised into a median process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with pubescence and distinctly separated in the middle. Dorsal pronotal area glabrous, only visible as a crescent area anteriorly. Mesoscutum strongly arched dorsally and heavily foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; laterodorsal process of mesoscutellum not prominent; posterior margin not projected. Pubescence in axillar area distinct but not conspicuous. Mesopleural triangle densely pubescent, well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, with a few indistinct transverse costae; mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron strongly depressed along ventral margin and densely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, dorsomedially strongly raised and distinctly curved laterad; median propodeal area glabrate with sparse pubescence; median longitudinal carina purcurrent (less distinct posteriorly) and submedian transverse carina prominent. Rs+M of forewing arising from posterior third of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.5 times as long as wide and almost as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.7 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 entirely covered by T7; relative length of T3–7: 1.1∶1.0∶1.5∶1.9∶0.9; T3–5 glabrous; T6 finely punctate with sparse pubescence; T7 densely and finely punctate, with row of sparse pubescence anteriorly. Tibiae and tarsi conspicuously pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.65.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus ebbae is unique among species of the annulicornis complex by having Rs+M of forewing arising from posterior third of basal vein. It is more similar to P. asae than to the other soecies of the complex, but it can be distinguished from P. asae by the following additional characters: antennal scrobes densely, but finely punctate, triangular ocellar plate not defined by lateral carinae, and median frontal carina not forming a dorsally flattened process between antennal sockets.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Indonesia: W. Kalimantan, Gunung Palung National Park, Kabang Panti Research Station (1°15′S, 110°5′E, 100 m, Rain Forest, Closed canopy), 1991-VI-17–29, D.C. Darling coll. (ROM).

Distribution

Indonesia: Kalimantan.

Etymology

This species is named after Ebba Ronquist, daughter of F.R.

Paramblynotus axeli, new species

Female

Length 3.1 mm. Body dark brown. Submedial pale ring of antenna consists of F7–8. Flagellomeres basal to F6–7 brown and distal to F6–7 black to dark brown. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and part of third cubital cell behind marginal cell. Body parts, except as specified below, with moderately dense silvery pubescence.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, not defined laterally by distinct carina, surface obliquely striate prior to anterior ocellus and foveate posteriorly. Median frontal carina raised into a lamilate process, and percurrent to clypeus. Upper face foveate to foveate-reticulate; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, glabrate with moderately dense and fine punctures, and defined by distinct carina laterally. Gena strongly foveate-reticulate with sparse long pubescence. Lower face foveate-reticulate and irregularly punctuate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeus punctate/foveate-reticulate. Lateral occipital carina not reaching posterior part of vertex. Occiput mostly foveate-reticulate with very lower part glabrate.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrate with superficial punctures; submedian pronotal depressions separated medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous and punctate dorsomedially. Pronotum dorsomedially not raised, distinctly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised into a median process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with pubescence and distinctly separated in the middle. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, only visible as a crescent area anteriorly. Mesoscutum strongly arched dorsally and heavily foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; laterodorsal process of mesoscutellum not prominent; posterior margin not projected. Pubescence in axillar area distinct but not conspicuous. Mesopleural triangle densely pubescent, well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression straight and percurrent, with a many distinct transverse costae; mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron strongly depressed along ventral margin and densely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, dorsomedially strongly raised and distinctly curved laterad; median propodeal area glabrate with sparse pubescence; median longitudinal carina purcurrent, but weak, especially posteriorly, and submedian transverse carina prominent. Rs+M of forewing arising from posterior third of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.0 times as long as wide and almost as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole distinctly longitudinally carinate and 1.5 times as long as wide in dorsal view. Tergum 8 entirely covered by T7; relative length of T3–7: 1.9∶1.0∶1.3∶1.8∶1.3; T3–5 glabrous; T6 finely punctate with scattered long pubescence; T7 densely and finely punctate, with row of sparse pubescence anteriorly. Tibiae and tarsi conspicuously pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.67.

Male

Body length 3.5 mm. Antenna 14-segmented. T3 and T5 distinctly larger than the other terga.

Paramblynotus axeli is unique among species of the annulicornis complex by having Rs+M of forewing arising from posterior third of basal vein. It is more similar to P. asae than to the other soecies of the complex, but it can be distinguished from P. asae by the following additional characters: antennal scrobes densely, but finely punctate, triangular ocellar plate not defined by lateral carinae, median frontal carina not forming a dorsally flattened process between antennal sockets, and occiput mostly foveate-reticulate.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Indonesia: Sumatra, Aceh Gunung Leucer National Park, Ketambe Research Station (3°41′N, 97°39′E, 400 m, 1° Rain Forest, Mature Forest, Terrace 4, Closed canopy), Malaise Trap with pan, 1989-XI-1–30, D.C. Darling coll., IIS 890012 (ROM). Paratype: 1♂, 1990-III-1–31, 900022, other data as Holotype.

Distribution

Indonesia: Sumatra.

Etymology

This species is named after Axel Ronquist, son of F.R.

Paramblynotus ruficeps Cameron, 1910

Paramblynotus ruficeps Cameron, 1908: 300, ♂; Borneo; BMNH (HT♂, main coll.).

*Allocynips isosceles Weld (1922: 331, ♂♀); Singapore; USNM (HT♀, no. 24 379, 3 PT♂), combination by Weld (1930:137), and synonymy by Ronquist (1995a: 37).

Female

Length 2.6–3.8 mm. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.55. Body usually yellowish brown to dark brown, mesosoma and/or head sometimes black. Antenna 13-segmented and dark brown. Wings clear, except marginal cell of forewing deep ferruginous.

Male

Length 1.8–2.5 mm. Antenna 14-segmented.

The generally yellowish to brown body of P. ruficeps color resembles species of the annulicornis species complex, but P. ruficeps lacks a pale ring on the antenna, the median frontal carina is only weakly present between antennal sockets, and the macula of the forewing is only limited to a marginal cell. Darker individuals of the species can be more easily confused with lighter individuals of its sympatric species P. punctulatus. Nonetheless, the two species can be distinguished relatively easily. P. ruficeps has clear wings with a ferruginous marginal cell, the angle between Rs and 2r is less than 90°, and the marginal cell is about 2.5 times as long as wide. P. punctulatus has relatively evenly smoke-tinted wings, the angle between Rs and 2r is distinctly larger than 90°, and the marginal cell is about 3.3 times as long as wide.

Materials Examined

37. NHM: 1(T), AEI: 25, USNM: 6 (5T), ROM: 4, ZMLU-MS: 1.

Distribution

Malaysia: Borneo; Singapore.

Paramblynotus pubifemoratus, new species

Female

Length 4.0 mm. Body entirely black, and antenna and legs yellow to yellow brown. Wings completely transparent. The species is unsually hairy, particularly on head and lateral surface of pronotum.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform, not widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate and punctate with distinct pubescence. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised, foveate/punctate-reticulate, and defined laterally by weak carina. Median frontal carina simple, reaching to lower margin of antennal sockets. Upper face foveate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, glabrous, densely punctate anteriorly, and defined by weak carina laterally. Gena glabrate and densely and finely punctate with pubescence. Lower face and clypeus foveate/punctate-reticulate with dense pubescence; anterior tentorial pits small. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrate to finely transversely striate, submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum densely finely punctate and pubescent. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, slightly lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a small peak. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum mostly foveate-reticulate and longitudinally costate lateroventrally. Dorsal pronotal area granuate, present only along anterior part of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum arched dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin narrowly truncate in dorsal view. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, sparsely transversely costate; upper and lower mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron sparsely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum irregularly areolate-reticulate in upper part, conspicuously pubescent ventrally, and with a small elevated glavous area medially. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, strongly and abruptly curved, and strongly raised dorsolaterally into a triangular process with distinct pubescence; median propodeal area glabrate with two submedian longitudinal carina crossed by submedian transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.2 times as long as wide and 1.6 as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.44 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 very slightly exposed; relative length of T3–7: 2.2∶1.0∶1.5∶3.6∶1.6; T3–5 glabrous; T6 mostly glabrous and densely punctate posterodorsally with a conspicuous band of pubescence; T7 with a conspicuous band of pubescence dorsomedially and almost entirely densely punctate with a narrow glabrous area along posterior margin. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.61.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus pubifemoratus is similar to P. ruficeps, but it differs from the latter in (1) head, pronotum, and hindlegs covered with very dense adpressed hairs; (2) metasomal T6–7 of female each with a conspicuous band of long hairs dorsolaterally; (3) hair tufts beneath lateral bar of mesoscutellum conspicuous; and (4) lateral propodeal carina strongly and abruptly curved and strongly raised dorsolaterally into a triangular process.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Malaysia: Negri S., Posah Forest Reserve (forest), 1978-IV-23, P. and M. Becker coll. (AEI). Paratypes: 3♀♀. 2♀, 1978-V-6, and 1978-V-9, other data as holotype (except from forest gap) (AEI), Sabah, Sipitang, Mendolong, 1988-V-13, S.A. Adebratt coll. (ZULU).

Distribution

Malaysia.

Etymology

From Latin, pubi, hairy, and femor, femur, suggesting its hairy legs.

Paramblynotus chrysochaites, new species

Female

Length 4.5–5.0 mm. Body entirely black. Antenna red brown. Legs red brown except coxae and metatarsus black. Wings transparent and slightly tinted. Body pubescence conspicuous and golden-tinted.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform, not widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate with dense golden pubescence. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised, foveate-reticulate and finely carinate laterally, and defined laterally by distinct carina lined by a row of large foveae along interior side; a small triangular area present beneath anterior ocellus glabrous. Median frontal carina present only as a raised lamilate process above antennal sockets, semicirclar in lateral view. Upper face conspicuously pubescent entirely and foveate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, glabrous, densely punctate anteriorly, and defined by carina laterally. Gena densely punctate and sparsely foveate, and densely pubescent. Lower face and clypeus densely punctate and foveate with conspicuous pubescence; anterior tentorial pits small; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum finely longitudinally striate, submedian pronotal depressions separated far from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum densely finely punctate and pubescent. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, slightly higher than mesoscutum; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a small peak. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with fine oblique striate component and conspicuously pubescent. Dorsal pronotal area superficially transversely striate, present only along anterior third of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum flat dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina and four submedian longitudinal carinae. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence extended to cover lateral part of scutellar sulcus. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin raised and projected posteriorly into two apically rounded processes. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and glabrate; upper mesopleuron glabrous; speculum sparsely punctate; and lower mesopleuron glabrous and pubescent. Metepisternum longitudinally carinate-rugose in upper part, conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, strongly raised dorsolaterally into a large, laterally inclined lobular process with very dense pubescence; median propodeal area finely pubescent with a complete median longitudinal carina crossed by submedian transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from anterior third of basal vein. Marginal cell 4.0 times as long as wide and 1.8 as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.56 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 distinctly exposed; relative length of T3–8: 1.5∶1.0∶1.1∶1.9∶1.0∶1.1; T3–4 glabrous with a few setigerous punctures; T5 punctate dorsolaterally, punctures coarse and sparse anteriorly; T6 with a large patch of conspicuous pubescence and finely punctate lateroventrally; T7 with a band of conspicuous pubescence dorsolaterally and finely punctate lateroventrally; and T8 pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia short and blunt apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  1.2.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus chrysochaites and P. rufipes are unique in the punctulatus group in (1) scutellar sulcus divided by several more or less equal longitudinal carinae into several foveae, (2) T8 of female metasoma distinctly exposed, (3) axillar area with conspicuous hair tuft, (4) T6–8 with conspicuous patch of long, golden hairs, and (5) apical teeth of metatibia short and blunt apically. In fact, they are more like the species of the ruficollis group in terms of these characters. However, they differ from the ruficollis group by the following characters: pronotal crest raised into a conspicuous peak anteromedially and mesoscutum flat dorsally. The species is further distinguished from P. rufipes in having pubescence of axillar area extended to cover lateral part of scutellar sulcus; mesoscutellum with a distinct emargination posteriorly and that posterior projection separated into two lobular processes; pubescence on pronotum and T6–8 very dense and long so that sculpture of the body parts is barely visible; the patch of pubescence on T6–8 covers posterior third of postpetiolar metasoma; and T6 distinctly longer than T3.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Malaysia: Negri S., Pasoh Forest Reserve (Forest gap), 1978-IV-8, P. and M. Becker coll. (AEI). Paratypes: 3♀♀, 1978-V-28–X-14, other data as holotype (AEI).

Distribution

Malaysia, Borneo.

Etymology

From Greek, chryso, gold, and chaites, long hairs, referring to the conspicuous and golden-tinted body pubescence of the species.

Paramblynotus rufipes, new species

Female

Length 6.0 mm. Body almost entirely black except metasoma anteroventrally red brown. Antenna red brown. Legs red brown except metatarsi black. Wings transparent and slightly tinted. Body pubescence conspicuous and golden-tinted.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform, not widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate with dense pubescence. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised, foveate-reticulate, and defined laterally by distinct carina lined by a row of large foveae; a small glabrous triangular area present beneath anterior ocellus. Median frontal carina only present as a raised lamilate process, semicirclar in lateral view and distinctly flattened dorsally, above antennal sockets. Upper face conspicuously pubescent entirely and punctate and foveate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed and densely punctate and defined by carina laterally. Gena, lower face, and clypeus densely punctate and sparsely foveate with very dense pubescence; anterior tentorial pits small; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum finely longitudinally striate, submedian pronotal depressions separated far from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum densely finely punctate and pubescent. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, slightly higher than mesoscutum; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a small peak. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and conspicuously pubescent. Dorsal pronotal area superficially transversely striate, present only along anterior fourth of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum flat dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina and four strong submedian longitudinal carinae. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin raised and projected with small median emargination posteriorly. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and glabrate with three transverse carinae in anterior half; upper mesopleuron glabrous except sparsely punctate anteriorly; speculum sparsely punctate; and lower mesopleuron glabrous and pubescent. Metepisternum longitudinally carinate-rugose in upper part, pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, strongly raised dorsolaterally into a large, lobular process with very dense pubescence; median propodeal area glabrous; median longitudinal carina present anterior to submedian transverse carina; two curved longitudinal carinae present posteriorly, each with a lateral transverse costa at middle point connecting to lateral propodeal carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from anterior third of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.75 times as long as wide and 1.7 as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.50 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 distinctly exposed; relative length of T3–8: 1.8∶1.0∶1.0∶1.5∶0.8∶1.3; T3–4 glabrous with a few setigerous punctures; T5 punctate dorsolaterally, punctures coarse and sparse dorsoanteriorly; T6 with a large patch of conspicuous pubescence and finely punctate lateroventrally; T7 with a patch of conspicuous pubescence dorsolaterally and finely punctate lateroventrally; and T8 pubescent. Apical teeth of metatibia short and blunt apically. 1mt/2–5mt  =  1.1.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus rufipes is most similar to P. chrysochaites, differing from the latter in (1) process of median frontal carina distinctly flattened dorsally; pubescence of axillar area not extended to cover part of scutellar sulcus; mesoscutellum with only a small emargination posteriorly; pubescence on pronotum and T6–8 less dense and shorter; the patch of pubescence on T6–8 covers only posterior one-fifth of postpetiolar metasoma; and T6 shorter than T3.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Laos: Wapikhamthong Prov., Wapi, 1967-V-31, Native Collector (BPBM).

Distribution

Laos.

Etymology

The species name is derived from Latin, rufus, red, reddish, and pes, foot, referring to the species' reddish legs.

Paramblynotus lutepennis, new species

Female

Length 6.5 mm. Body almost entirely black except postpetiolar metasoma red brown basally. Antenna and legs black, tarsi of legs brown. Wings transparent and slightly yellow-tinted. Body pubescence golden-tinted.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform, not distinctly expanded toward apex. Vertex foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Eye slightly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised, foveate-reticulate, with a row of large foveae, and not defined laterally by carina. Median frontal carina present only between antennal sockets. Upper face foveate-reticulate to foveate-rugose and pubescent entirely; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed and defined by a carina laterally. Gena glabrous and coarsely punctate. Lower face foveate-reticulate with dense appressed pubescence, clypeus densely punctate and pubescent; anterior tentorial pits small and close to each other; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Lateral occipital carina not reaching posterior part of vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate medially and glabrous laterally.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrate with apparent, fine striation; submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous and densely finely punctate with conspicuous pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, slightly higher than mesoscutum; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a distinct peak. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and pubescent. Dorsal pronotal area long, superficially transversely striate, present only along anterior one-fifth of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum flat dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; lateral dorsal process prominent and lobular; posterior margin of mesoscutellum rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and glabrate; upper and lower mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron densely pubescent in ventral depression. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part, pubescent ventrally, and with a small elevated glabrous area posteromedially. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, strongly raised dorsomedially into broad triangle in lateral view and densely pubescent; median propodeal area pubescent; and median longitudinal carina percurrent, crossed by a submedial transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.5 times as long as wide and almost as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.60 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 completely covered by T7; relative length of T3–7: 2.0∶1.0∶1.2∶2.6∶1.1; T3–5 glabrous; T6–7 densely punctate; T6 with a small patch of sparse pubescence dorsolaterally; and T7 with a band of sparse pubescence dorsolaterally. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. first metatarsomeres with an apical protuberance extending to five-sixths of second metatarsomeres. 1mt (excluding apical process)/2–5mt  =  0.6.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus lutepennis is most similar to P. obscurus, but it differs from the latter in having distal protuberance of first metatarsomere long, reaching almost to the end of second tarsomere.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Malaysia: Sabah, Sipitang, Mendolong, 1987-XII-12, S. Adebratt coll. (ZMLU).

Distribution

Malaysia: Sabah.

Etymology

The species name is derived from Latin luteus, yellow, and penna, wing, describing the species' yellowish tint of the wings.

Paramblynotus nebulosus, new species

Female

Length 5.0–8.0 mm. Body entirely black. Antenna brown and darker toward apex. Legs black, except fore- and middle tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings slightly tinted yellow and with a broad dark gray band along outer margin of forewing. Body pubescence golden-tinted, except pubescence on mesopleural triangle white.

Antenna 13-segmented, flagellum filiform, not widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye extended laterally, distinctly beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised and foveate-rugose and defined laterally by superficial carina lined by irregular large foveae along interior side. Median frontal carina briefly present above antennal sockets, raised into a low, rounded process in lateral view. Upper face rugose-foveate/punctate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, defined by a thin carina laterally, and coarsely punctate anteriorly and glabrate with longitudinal carination posteriorly. Gena coarsely foveate-reticulate with dense, appressed pubescence; lower face and clypeus coarsely foveate and punctate with dense appressed pubescence; anterior tentorial pits small and distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a superficial, smoothly curved arch. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate medially and glabrous laterally.

Anterior flange of pronotum finely coriarious; submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially; anterior pronotal plate glabrous and finely, densely punctate with appressed pubescence. Pronotum raised dorsomedially; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a peak higher than mesoscutum. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, present only along lower half of posterior margin of anterior pronotal plate. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and densely punctate with conspicuous appressed pubescence. Dorsal pronotal area finely transversely striate, present along anterior fourth of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum flat dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows and evenly distributed appressed pubescence. Scutellar sulcus divided only by a single median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; mesoscutellum broadly trapezoid posteriorly in dorsal view, with posterior margin distinctly emarginate; lateral dorsal process distinct. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and glabrous. Upper mesopleuron glabrous and with short pubescence anteriorly; lower mesopleuron glabrous and densely pubescent in ventral impression. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, strongly curved laterally, and distinctly raised dorsally to form in the middle a strong, broadly rounded process with sparse dorsal pubescence; median propodeal area glabrate, with median longitudinal carina anterior to median transverse carina and two submedian carinae posteriorly. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.5 times as long as wide and 1.6 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.60 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 completely covered by T7; relative size of abdominal T3–7: 1.6∶1.0∶1.0∶2.1∶0.9; T3 glabrous; T4 glabrous with a narrow band of fine punctures across anterior second fifth; T5 glabrous and finely punctate; T6 finely and densely punctate dorsolaterally, with an extensive patch of dense pubescence covering posterior two-thirds of upper half of the tergite; and T7 densely punctate, with a broad band of conspicuous pubescence dorsolaterally in the middle and posteriorly glabrous. Apical teeth of metatibia slender and pointed apically. Metatibia with two to three dorsal dents. Apical protuberance of first metatarsomeres reaching slightly beyond middle of second metatarsomere. 1mt (excluding apical protuberance)/2–5mt  =  0.66.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus nebulosus differs from all other species of the genus except P. miniatus in having its metatibia dorsally with dents. It differs from the latter in (1) forewing with a broad dark gray band along outer margin; (2) upper metepisternum without a large, glabrous elevated median area; (3) head, pronotum, and metasomal T6–7 covered with conspicuous pubescence; and (4) distinctly larger.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Malaysia: NW Sabah, near Long Pa Sia (west), ca. 1,200 m, 1987-IV-2–14, C.v. Arhterberg coll. (NNMN). Paratypes: 8♀♀. 1♀, data as holotype (NNMN); 1♀, Indonesia: Sulawesi, near Sangona, Base Camp, Gn. Watuwila, ca. 200 m, 1989-X-10–15, C. v. Achterberg coll. (NNMN); 1♀, Indonesia: Sulawesi, near Mamasa, Penannang, 1,700 m, 1991-IV-10–22, C. v. Achterberg coll. (NNMN); 3♀♀, Malaysia, Negri S., Pasoh Research Station, coll. By P. and M. Becker in 1978-VII-14, 1978-XII-5, and 1979-II-20, respectively (AEI); 1♀, Malaysia: Sabah, Sipitang, Mendolong, T3/W5, 1989-III-8, S. Adebratt coll. (ZML); 1♀, Indonesia: Sulawesi, Dumoga-BoneTaraut “Edwards”, 680 m, 1985-IV-26, J. Martin coll. (NHM).

Distribution

Malaysia, Borneo; Indonesia, Sulawesi.

Etymology

From Latin, nebulosus, meaning misty, foggy, cloudy, or dark, referring to the broad gray band along the outer margin of forewing.

Paramblynotus dyak (Weld, 1922)

Allocynips ruficeps Weld, 1922: 329, ♀; Borneo; USNM (HT♀, no. 24 376, PT♀).

Paramblynotus ruficeps Weld, 1930: 137, combination.

Female

Length 3.0–5.5 mm. Body entirely black. Antenna 13-segmented and dark brown. Wings evenly, lightly tinted ferruginous. Head and pronotum and fore- and middle legs with dense, long pubescence. Pubescence in metapleural triangle, axillar area, propodeum, and hindlegs long and conspicuous. Pronotum gradually, strongly raised into a keel anteriorly with peak distinctly higher than mesoscutum. Mesonotum flat. Metasoma glabrous on T3–5 and densely punctate on T6–7; T6–7 also with a conspicuous dorsomedial hair band. Tergum 8 completely covered by T7. All legs, except tibia and tarsi of fore- and middle legs, dark brown to black. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.60.

Male

Length 3.2 mm. Antenna 14-segmented.

Material Examined

41: BPBM (5), AEI (12), NHM (8), USNM (2T), ROM (9), NNMN (5).

Distribution

Borneo, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Sarawak.

Paramblynotus beckeri, new species

Female

Length 3.0–4.0 mm. Body entirely black. Antenna, legs, and metasoma ventrally red brown. Wings transparent. Body pubescence white.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform, not widened toward apex. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent, extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, defined laterally by a carina lined with a row of large foveae along interior side, and mostly punctate-reticulate laterally; a small glabrous triangular area present beneath anterior ocellus. Median frontal carina simple, present only above antennal sockets. Upper face foveate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, defined by distinct carina laterally, and glabrous and finely punctate with sparse pubescence. Gena densely punctate and sparsely foveate with dense pubescence; lower face and clypeus foveate-reticulate; anterior tentorial pits distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate medially and glabrous laterally.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous, submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrate and densely finely punctate with pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, slightly higher than mesoscutum; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a low peak. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, almost reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and densely pubescent. Dorsal pronotal area granuate with indistinct punctures and sparse pubescence, present only along anterior one-fifth of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum flat dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; mesoscutellum projected posteriorly and rounded in dorsal view. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and glabrous; upper and lower mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron pubescent in ventral impression. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part, conspicuously pubescent ventrally, and with a small elevated glabrous strip medially. Lateral propodeal carina percurrent, curved laterally at middle, and strongly raised dorsomedially into a large, lobular process with sparse dorsal pubescence; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina percurrent crossed by submedial transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.4 times as long as wide and 1.4 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.60 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 not exposed; relative length of T3–7: 1.6∶1.0∶1.2∶1.9∶1.0; T3–4 glabrous; T5 finely densely punctate; T6 densely punctate with a narrow band of sparse pubescence dorsolaterally; T7 entirely punctate, with a band of conspicuous pubescence dorsolaterally. Metatibia with two strong dents dorsally. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. Apical protuberance of first metatarsomeres extending to middle of second metatarsomeres. 1mt (excluding apical process)/2–5mt  =  0.54.

Male

Unknown.

The species is similar to P. dyak, but it can be distinguished from the latter by (1) eyes more strongly protruding laterally, (2) pronotal crest lower than mesoscutum, (3) mesoscutum slightly bent anteriorly, and (4) antennae and legs red brown.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Malaysia: Negri S., Posah Forest Reserve (secondary forest), 1979-III-29, P. and M. Becker coll. (AEI). Paratypes: 7♀♀, 1978-XI-8–1980-IV-30, other data as holotype (except one from forest gap) (AEI, 6; CRF, 1).

Distribution

Malaysia: Borneo.

Etymology

This species is named after the collector.

Paramblynotus venoforticulus, new species

Female

Length 5.0 mm. Body and antenna entirely black. Fore- and middle legs red brown with coxae black; hindleg with coxa dark brown, femur red brown, and tibia and tarsus black. Wings transparent; forewing with a rectangular macula along the middle of anterior margin, covering marginal cell, distal one-third of first submarginal cell, and basal part of second submarginal cell anteriorly.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum filiform. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent, extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, mostly foveate-reticulate, and defined laterally by carina lined along interior side with a row of large foveae, and with a small glabrous triangular area beneath anterior ocellus. Median frontal carina simple and present only between antennal sockets. Upper face longitudinally carinate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, punctate-reticulate, longitudinally carinate posteriorly, and defined by distinct carina laterally. Gena punctate-reticulate and sparsely foveate with dense pubescence; lower face foveate-reticulate, and clypeus foveate/punctate-reticulate; anterior tentorial pits distinct; and clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus indistinct. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate medially and glabrous laterally.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous, submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum densely finely punctate and laterally also with dense pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, distinctly higher than mesoscutum; pronotal crest raised medially into a distinct process-like peak. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, almost reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and densely pubescent. Dorsal pronotal area present only along anterior third of posterior margin of pronotum and superficially transversely carinate anteriorly. Mesoscutum flat dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided only by a median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; mesoscutellum truncate posteriorly in dorsal view. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and glabrous with several superficial transverse costae. Upper mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron glabrous and pubescent in ventral impression. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part, with a small elevated glabrous area medially, and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent, almost parallel to each other, and strongly raised anterodorsally into a conspicuous, dorsally rounded triangular process with dense dorsal pubescence; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina percurrent, crossed by a submedial transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.0 times as long as wide and 1.4 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.70 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 not exposed; relative length of T3–7: 1.7∶1.0∶1.3∶2.4∶1.3; T3 glabrous; T4–5 finely densely punctate; T6 coarsely densely punctate; and T7 densely punctate except glabrous posteriorly, with a band of conspicuous pubescence dorsolaterally. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. First metatarsomeres with apical protuberance extending to one-third of second metatarsomeres. 1mt (excluding apical process)/2–5mt  =  0.78.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus venoforticulus is separated from all other Paramblynotus species except P. grossus by the combination of having (1) occiput longitudinally carinate, (2) pronotum raised into a peak, and (3) forewing with a rectangular macula along middle of anterior margin. It differs from P. grossus in that its gena is not expanded behind eyes and its legs are mostly red brown.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Vietnam: Fyan (900–1,000 m), 1961-VII-11–VIII-9, N.R. Spencer (BPBM).

Distribution

Vietnam.

Etymology

From Latin, veno, vein, and forticulus, strong. The name refers to the heavy veins of the species.

Paramblynotus distinctus, new species

Female

Length 3.5 mm. Head yellow brown; rest of body, antenna, and legs dark brown. Wings transparent.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum distinctly widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, mostly glabrate-foveate, and defined laterally by carina lined along interior side with a row of large, superficial foveae, and with a small glabrous area beneath anterior ocellus. Median frontal carina present only between antennal sockets, raised dorsally into a ridge. Upper face superficially foveate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, glabrous, and defined by weak carina laterally. Gena with a row of large foveae along eye margin, otherwise glabrous with sparse punctures and pubescence; lower face and clypeus foveate/punctate-reticulate; anterior tentorial pits distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate medially and glabrous laterally. Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous, submedian pronotal depressions separated medially.

Anterior plate of pronotum densely punctate medially and glabrous laterally. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, distinctly higher than mesoscutum; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a peak. Lateral pronotal carina weak, almost reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and pubescent. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present only along anterior third of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum flat dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; mesoscutellum broadly rounded posteriorly in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, glabrous, and transversely costate. Upper mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron glabrous and pubescent in ventral impression. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part, with a small elevated glabrous area medially, and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent, strongly curved laterally at middle, and strongly raised anterodorsally into a conspicuous, lobular process with dorsal pubescence; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina present anteriorly, and two submedian longitudinal carinae present behind submedial transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.7 times as long as wide and 1.5 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.33 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 slightly exposed; relative length of T3–7: 2.2∶1.0∶1.2∶2.8∶1.4; T3–4 glabrous; T5 finely densely punctate; T6 densely punctate with a band of sparse pubescence dorsolaterally; and T7 densely punctate with anterior band of of conspicuous pubescence dorsolaterally. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. Apical process of first metatarsomeres very reduced. 1mt /2–5mt  =  0.5.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus distictus is very similar to P. fraxini and P. kosugii. It can be easily separated from all other Paramblynotus species by having a longitudinally carinate occiput and pronotum raised anteriorly into a peak, yet lacking apical protuberance of first metatarsomere. It differs from P. fraxini and P. kosugii in (1) antennal flagellum distinctly widened apically, apical flagellomere two times as wide as medial width of F1; (2) gena glabrate punctate; (3) mesoscutellum not projected posteriorly; and (4) body orange brown entirely.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Malaysia: Negri S., Pasoh Forest Reserve (forest gap), 1979-II-10, coll. P. and M. Becker (AEI).

Distribution

Malaysia: Borneo.

Etymology

From Latin, distinctus, distinct.

Paramblynotus fraxinii Yang, 1994

Paramblynotus fraxinii Yang, 1994: 157–164, ♀; China: Helongjiang; NWCF (HT♀, paratype 2♀♀).

Female

Length 4.5 mm. Head, mesosoma, and antenna black. Legs brown except coxae black. Metasoma brown. Wings transparent. Relative size of abdominal T3–T7: 1.9∶1.0∶1.1∶2.4∶0.9. Metatarsomere 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.95.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus fraxinii is most similar to P. kosugii, but it differs from the latter in (1) mesoscutellum without transverse inflection before the posterior projection, and rounded posteriorly in dorsal view; (2) lateral propodeal carina strongly raised anterodorsally into a lobular process; and (3) size smaller. An additional character to separate P. fraxinii from most other species of Paramblynotus is that the female antenna is 12-segmented.

Material Examined

1♀ (paratype), China: Helongjiang, 1989-VI-30, Z. Yang and X. Xu coll. (NWCF).

Distribution

China: Helongjiang.

Biological Notes

Collected on dead trunk of Fraxinus mandrushica (Oleaceae) infested with Mesosamyops (Cerambycidae) and Tremex simulacrum (Siricidae). (Ronquist, 1995a; Yang and Cui, 1994).

Paramblynotus kosugii Watanabe and Sakagami, 1951

Paramblynotus kosugii Watanabe and Sakagami, 1951: 129, ♂; Japan: Honshu; EIHU (HT♂, paratypes 4♂♂).

Male

Length 6.0 mm. Head, mesosoma, and antenna black. Legs brown except coxae black. Metasoma brown. Wings transparent. 1mt/2–5mt = 0.84.

Female

Unknown.

Paramblynotus kosugii is most similar to P. fraxinii, but it differs from the latter in (1) mesoscutellum with an inflection prior to the posterior projection, and truncate posteriorly in dorsal view; (2) lateral propodeal carina not raised anterodorsally into a lobular process; and (3) size distinctly larger.

Material Examined

5♂♂ (holotype and 4 paratypes), Japan: Sapporo, 1949-VII-23, K. Kosugi coll. (EIHU).

Distribution

Japan: Sapporo.

Paramblynotus borneanus (Weld, 1922)

Paribalia borneana Weld, 1922: 326, ♂♀; Borneo; USNM (HT♀, paratype ♂).

Paramblynotus borneanus (Weld) Ronquist, 1994, combination.

Female

Length 4.8 mm. Head and thorax black to dark brown; antennae, legs, and metasoma reddish brown. Head, mesosoma, and legs densely pubescent; mesopleural triangle and axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Wings entirely transparent.

Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, mostly foveate-reticulate, and defined laterally by carina lined along interior side with a row of large foveae. Median frontal carina present between antennal sockets and simple. Upper face foveate-rugose laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, glabrate with sparse punctures and pubescence, and defined by carina laterally. Gena glabrate with dense punctures and pubescence; lower face and clypeus foveate/punctate-reticulate with dense pubescence. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex.

Anterior plate of pronotum glabrate anteromedially and otherwise densely punctate with appressed pubescence. Pronotum with dorsomedial peak distinctly higher than mesoscutum and slightly bent backward apically. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, present only in lower two-thirds. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present along anterior third of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum flat dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows. Mesoscutellum inclined laterally and narrowly rounded posteriorly; lateral dorsal process not raised. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part, with a small elevated glabrous area medially, and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carinae strongly curved laterally at middle, and strongly raised anterodorsally into a lobular process with dorsal pubescence; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina present anteriorly and two weaker submedian longitudinal carinae present behind median transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.0 times as long as wide and 1.5 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.5 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 entirely hidden by T7; relative size of abdominal T3–7: 1.8∶1.0∶1.0∶3.9∶1.9; T3–5 glabrous; T6 mostly glabrous and punctate with a middle transverse band of sparse pubescence dorsolaterally; and T7 densely punctate with anterior band of of conspicuous pubescence dorsolaterally. Apical teeth of metatibia reduced, but distinctly slender and pointed apically.

Male

Length 3.8 mm.

Material Examined

2: ♀ (type) and ♂ (paratype), USNM.

Distribution

Borneo.

Paramblynotus aptatus, new species

Female

Length 3.0 mm. Body entirely black except antenna, base and ventral side of postpetiolar metasoma, fore- and middle leg, and metatarsus brown to dark brown. Wings transparent. Metatarsomere 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.60.

Antenna filiform; flagellum not widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate with longitudinal components laterally and longitudinally carinate medially. Eye extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, glabrate-foveate, and not defined laterally by carina; a small glabrous area present beneath anterior ocellus. Median frontal carina weakly present between antennal sockets. Upper face superficially foveate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, glabrous, and defined by weak carina laterally. Gena glabrate and densely punctate with pubescence; lower face and clypeus foveate/punctate and longitudinally rugose; anterior tentorial pits distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form an indistinct, smoothly curved arch. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate medially and glabrous laterally.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous, submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrate anteromedially and otherwise densely punctate. Pronotum dorsomedially raised; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a peak distinctly higher than mesoscutum. Lateral pronotal carina distinct and almost reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and densely pubescent. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present only along anterior third of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum flat dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate and rounded posteriorly in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and glabrous with several unevenly spaced, superficial transverse costae. Upper mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron glabrous, and pubescent in ventral impression. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part, with a very small elevated glabrous area medially, and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent, strongly curved laterally at middle, and strongly raised anterodorsally; median propodeal area superficially areolate; median longitudinal carina distinct anterior to submedial transverse carina and reduced posteriorly. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.0 times as long as wide and 1.6 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.65 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 5 the largest tergite, comprising more than half of postpetiolar metasoma in lateral view. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. Apical protuberance of first metatarsomere absent. 1mt/2–5mt  = 0.5.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus aptatus is unique among all Paramblynotus species in having a combination of characters: (1) medial occiput longitudinal carination extends to vertex longitudinally carinate, (2) pronotum strongly raised anteromedially, (3) lateral surfaces of pronotum discontinuous dorsomedially, (4) apical protuberance of first metatarsomeres absent, and (5) T6 four times as large as T5.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Laos: Vientiane Province: Ban Van Eue, 1965-XII-31, Native Collector coll. (BPBM).

Distribution

Laos.

Etymology

From Latin, aptatus, meaning appropriate, fit, and suitable.

Paramblynotus kitrinocarus, new species

Female

Length 4.8 mm. Head orange. Antenna black with scape orange; meso- and metasoma black. Legs black except tibiae and tarsi of fore- and middle legs yellow brown. Wings transparent. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.5

Antenna 13-segmented, flagellum filiform, not widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, foveate to foveate-reticulate, and not defined laterally by carina. Median frontal carina weakly present from between antennal sockets to clypeus. Upper face foveate-punctate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, densely punctate, and not defined by carina laterally. Gena glabrate and foveate with pubescence; lower face and clypeus foveate and densely punctate-reticulate; anterior tentorial pits small, but distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form smoothly curved arch. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate medially and glabrous laterally.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous, submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous anteromedially and otherwise densely punctate with appressed pubescence. Pronotum raised dorsomedially; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a peak as high as mesoscutum. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, present only in lower two-thirds. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and pubescent. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present along anterior third of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum mostly flat dorsally and slightly inclined anteriorly, and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate, broadly rounded posteriorly in dorsal view; lateral dorsal process distinct. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, glabrous, and with a few unevenly spaced, superficial transverse costae. Upper mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron glabrous and densely pubescent in ventral impression. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent, strongly curved laterally at middle, strongly raised anterodorsally, and flatted dorsally with coarse punctures; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina present anteriorly and absent behind submedian transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein, weak and nebulous toward base. Marginal cell 2.5 times as long as wide and 1.2 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.6 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 slightly exposed; relative size of abdominal T3–8: 2.1∶1.0∶1.4∶2.9∶1.0∶0.3; T3–5 glabrous; T6 densely punctate with a middle transverse band of sparse pubescence dorsolaterally; T7 densely punctate with anterior band of dense pubescence dorsolaterally; exposed part of T8 coarsely punctate with pubescence. Apical teeth of metatibia reduced, but distinctly slender and pointed apically. Apical protuberance of first metatarsomere reaching to middle of second metatarsomere.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus kitrinocarus is unique among all species of the punctulatus group by its color pattern, and it can be further distinguished from those species of the group that have a longitudinally carinate occiput by having (1) a simple, but percurrent median frontal carina, and (2) an exposed T8.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Malaysia: Sabah, Sipitang: Mendolong, 1988-V-11, S. Adebratt (ZMLU, 1996-089).

Distribution

Malaysia: Borneo.

Etymology

From Greek, kitrino, red, and carus, head. The name refers to the orange color of the head in contrast to the black color of the rest of the body.

Paramblynotus insolitus, new species

Female

Length 5.1 mm. Head, metasoma, coxa and femur of front and middle leg, and hindleg dark brown to black, mesosoma and antenna black. Wings entirely transparent. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.48.

Antenna 13-segmented, flagellum filiform, not widened apically. Vertex glabrous and finely punctate with pubescence. Eye extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, glabrous and finely punctate with pubescence, and not defined laterally by carinae. Median frontal carina weakly present between antennal sockets. Upper face punctate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed and densely punctate and not defined by a lateral carina. Gena glabrous and finely punctate with pubescence; lower face and clypeus foveate and densely punctate with dense, appressed pubescence; anterior tentorial pits small but distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a superficial, smoothly curved arch. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput entirely glabrous, without medial longitudinal carination.

Anterior flange of pronotum coarsely punctate, submedian pronotal depressions almost fused with each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrate and densely punctate with appressed pubescence. Pronotum raised dorsomedially; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a peak as high as mesoscutum. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, present only in lower two-thirds. Lateral surface of pronotum very densely pubescent entirely, foveate-reticulate in upper part and glabrous with dense, fine punctures in lower part. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present along anterior third of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum mostly flat dorsally and slightly inclined anteriorly, and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; mesoscutellum trapezoidal posteriorly in dorsal view; lateral dorsal process distinct. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression reduced and glabrous. Upper mesopleuron glabrous and with short pubescence anteriorly; lower mesopleuron glabrous and densely pubescent in ventral impression. Metepisternum superficially areolate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent, strongly and abruptly curved laterally and strongly raised dorsally to form in the middle a large triangular process, which is bent laterad dorsally and coarsely punctate with sparse pubescence on upper surface; median propodeal area glabrate with sparse pubescence; median longitudinal carina present anteriorly and two short submedian longitudinal carinae present behind median transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.0 times as long as wide and 1.4 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.5 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 completely covered by T7; relative size of abdominal T3–7:1.8∶1.0∶1.1∶2.6∶1.3; T3–5 sparsely punctate with fine pubescence; T6 densely punctate with a broad middle transverse band of dense pubescence dorsolaterally; T7 very densely punctate with conspicuous pubescence anteriorly and glabrous posteriorly. Apical teeth of metatibia reduced but distinctly slender and pointed apically. Apical process of first metatarsomere reaching to middle of second metatarsomere.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus insolitus differs from all other Paramblynotus species in possession of the combination of several characters: (1) pronotum anterodorsally raised conspicuously into a peak, (2) first metatarsomere with apical protuberance, and (3) occiput glabrous. In addition, this species is also unique in having upper face, vertex, and gena entirely glabrous with fine punctures, lower part of lateral surface of pronotum glabrous with dense, fine punctures, and mesopleural impression only superficially present, especially posteriorly.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Philippines: Mindoro: S. Luis Calapan, 1954-IV-14, H.M. and D. Townes coll. (AEI).

Distribution

Philippines: Mindoro.

Etymology

From Latin, distinctus, meaning different.

Paramblynotus robustus, new species

Female

Length 6.0 mm. Body, antenna, and legs entirely black except eyes orange. Wings transparent. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.

Antenna 13-segmented, flagellum filiform, not widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Eye extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised and foveate, with a row of large foveae along sides, and laterally not defined by carina. Median frontal carina weakly and very briefly present above antennal sockets. Upper face foveate-reticulate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed and densely punctate with pubescence, and not defined by carina laterally. Gena foveate-reticulate with dense, appressed pubescence; lower face and clypeus foveate and densely punctate with dense, appressed pubescence; anterior tentorial pits small and distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a superficial, smoothly curved arch. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate medially and glabrous laterally.

Anterior flange of pronotum finely transversely striate; submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrate and densely punctate with appressed pubescence. Pronotum raised dorsomedially; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a peak slightly higher than mesoscutum. Lateral pronotal carinae distinct, not reaching pronotal crest dorsally. Lateral surface of pronotum very densely pubescent, foveate-reticulate and densely punctate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present along anterior third of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum flat dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; mesoscutellum broadly rounded posteriorly and slightly truncate apically in dorsal view; lateral dorsal process distinct. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and glabrous with a few unevenly spaced transvers costae. Upper mesopleuron glabrous and with short pubescence anteriorly; lower mesopleuron glabrous and densely pubescent above and in ventral impression. Metepisternum areolate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent, strongly and abruptly curved laterally and strongly raised dorsally to form in the middle a triangular process with top bent laterad; upper side of the process coarsely punctate with sparse pubescence; median propodeal area glabrate with sparse pubescence; median longitudinal carina present anteriorly and two submedian longitudinal carinae present behind median transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing nebulous and brownish, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.9 times as long as wide and 1.4 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.35 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 completely covered by T7; relative size of abdominal T3–7: 2.1∶1.0∶1.2∶2.1∶1.0; T3 glabrous, T4–5 densely punctate without pubescence; T6 densely and coarsely punctate with a broad median transverse band of sparse pubescence dorsolaterally; T7 very densely and coarsely punctate with conspicuous pubescence anteriorly and glabrous posteriorly. Apical teeth of metatibia distinctly slender and pointed apically. Apical protuberance of first metatarsomere reaching to middle of second metatarsomere.

Male

Unknown.

This species is very similar to P. grossus, but it differs from the latter in (1) forewing without macula and (2) gena not expanded behind eye.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Laos: Ban Van Heue (20 km east of Phou-kow-kuei), 1965-IV-15–31, Native Collector coll. (BPBM).

Distribution

Laos.

Etymology

From Latin, robustus, strong.

Paramblynotus miniatus, new species

Female

Length 2.5 mm. Head and mesosoma black. Antenna, metasoma, and legs brown to dark brown. Wings transparent. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.53.

Antenna 13-segmented, flagellum filiform, not widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate only slightly raised and glabrate with sparse punctures and superficial foveae, and not defined laterally by carina. Median frontal carina weakly and very briefly present above antennal sockets. Upper face rugose-foveate/punctate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed and glabrous with sparse punctures, and defined by very weak carina laterally. Gena glabrous and superficially foveate with sparse, appressed pubescence; lower face and clypeus glabrate and densely punctate/foveate with appressed pubescence; anterior tentorial pits small and distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a superficial, smoothly curved arch. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate medially and glabrous laterally.

Anterior plate of pronotum glabrate and densely punctate with appressed pubescence. Pronotum raised dorsomedially; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a peak distinctly higher than mesoscutum. Lateral pronotal carinae distinct, not reaching pronotal crest dorsally. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with sparse pubescence. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present along anterior one-fifth of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum flat dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided only by a median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with distinct pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; mesoscutellum broadly rounded posteriorly in dorsal view; lateral dorsal process indistinct. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and glabrous. Upper mesopleuron glabrous with short pubescence anteriorly; lower mesopleuron glabrous with dense pubescence in ventral impression. Metepisternum areolate in upper part, with a large central elevated glabrous area, and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent, strongly curved laterally and distinctly raised dorsally to form in the middle a broadly rounded process with sparse pubescence dorsally; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina present anterior to median transverse carina and absent posteriorly. Rs+M of forewing pale, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.4 times as long as wide and 1.3 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.40 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 completely covered by T7; relative size of abdominal T3–7: 2.3∶1.0∶1.4∶2.9∶1.7; T3–5 glabrous; T6 and T7 densely and finely punctate, each with a single row of pubescence dorsolaterally in the middle. Apical teeth of metatibia slender and pointed apically. Metatibia with two dorsal (posterior) dents. Apical protuberance of first metatarsomere reaching to middle of second metatarsomere.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus miniatus differs from all other species of the genus except P. nebulosus in having metatibia dorsally with dents. It differs from the latter in (1) forewing without a broad dark gray band along outer margin; (2) upper metepisternum with a large, glabrous elevated median area; and (3) body size much smaller.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Borneo: Sarawak (4^th div., Gn. Mulu, RGS. Exp.), 1977-IX-17–X-23, D. Hollis coll. (BMNH, BM77-543).

Distribution

Indonesia: Borneo.

Etymology

From Latin, miniatus, red. The name refers to its brown metasoma.

Paramblynotus obscurus, new species

Female

Length 3.5–4.5 mm. Body and antenna entirely black. Legs black except tibiae and tarsi of fore- and middle legs yellow brown. Wings transparent. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.60.

Antenna 13-segmented, flagellum filiform, not widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye extended laterally to as wide as outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and foveate-reticulate and defined laterally by carina lined along interior side with a row of uniform large foveae; a glabrous triangular area present beneath anterior ocellus. Median frontal carina briefly present between antennal sockets. Upper face rugose-foveate/punctate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed, glabrate and punctate with long, appressed pubscence, and defined by a carina laterally. Gena glabrate and foveate-punctate with dense, appressed pubescence; lower face and clypeus foveate-reticulate and densely punctate with dense appressed pubescence; anterior tentorial pits small and distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a superficial, smoothly curved arch. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate medially and glabrous laterally.

Anterior flange of pronotum finely coriarious; submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially; anterior pronotal plate glabrate and finely densely punctate with appressed pubescence. Pronotum raised dorsomedially; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a peak higher than mesoscutum. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, present only along lower third of posterior margin of anterior pronotal plate. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and densely punctate with transverse carinate component and conspicuous appressed pubescence. Dorsal pronotal area finely transversely striate, present along anterior fourth of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum flat dorsally and strongly transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows and evenly distributed appressed pubescence. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; mesoscutellum broadly rounded posteriorly in dorsal view; lateral dorsal process visible, but indistinct in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and glabrous. Upper mesopleuron glabrous and with sparse, short pubescence anteriorly; lower mesopleuron glabrous and densely pubescent in ventral impression. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part, conspicuously pubescent ventrally, and with a large central elevated glabrous area. Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent, distinctly curved laterad and distinctly raised dorsally to form a broadly rounded lobe; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina percurrent crossed by median transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.2 times as long as wide and 1.5 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.50 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 completely covered by T7; relative size of abdominal T3–7: 1.9∶1.0∶1.2∶2.7∶0.8; T3–4 glabrous; T5 densely finely punctate; T6 finely and densely punctate with a narrow band of sparse pubescence across anterior two-fifths of the tergite; and T7 densely punctate, with a band of relatively dense pubescence dorsolaterally in anterior half and glabrous posteriorly. Apical teeth of metatibia slender and pointed apically. Apical protuberance of first metatarsomere reaching slightly beyond middle of second metatarsomere.

Male

Body length 3.6 mm. Antenna 14-segmented. Terga 3–8 subequal with T3 and T5 larger than the others.

Paramblynotus obscurus differs from all other species of the genus except P. miniatus in having metatibia dorsally with dents. It differs from the latter in (1) forewing with a broad dark gray band along outer margin; (2) upper metepisternum without a large, glabrous elevated median area; (3) head, pronotum, and metasomal T6–7 covered with conspicuous pubescence; and (4) body size much larger.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Borneo: North Borneo (Forest Camp, 19 km north of Kalabakan), 1962-XI-12, Y. Hiroshima coll. (BPBM). Paratypes: 2♀♀, 1♂. 1♂, Philippines: Palawan, Brooke's Pt., Macagua (75 m), 1962-IV-1–4, M. Thompson coll. (BPBM); 1♀, Malaysia: Sabah, Danum Valley (forest), 1986-X-23–XI-10, P. Eggleton coll. (BMNH); 1♀, Sarawak, Gunung Buda, 64 km S Limbang (4°13′N, 114°56′E), 1996-XI-22–28, S.L. Heydon and S. Fung coll. (UCDC).

Additional Material Examined

1♂, Philippines: Mindanao (paratype of P. borneanus) (USNM).

Distribution

Malaysia: Borneo; Indonesia: Sarawak; Philippines: Palawan.

Etymology

From Latin, obscurus, meaning dark. The name describes the entirely dark color of its body.

Paramblynotus coracinus, new species

Female

Length 3.5–4.5 mm. Body and antenna entirely black. Legs black except tibiae and tarsi of fore- and middle legs yellow brown. Wings transparent, with a ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and part of third cubital cell behind marginal cell. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.54.

Antenna 13-segmented, flagellum filiform, not widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye extended laterally, slightly not as wide as to outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised and foveate and not defined laterally by carina. Median frontal carina weakly present between antennal sockets and slightly beyond ventrally. Upper face rugose-foveate/punctate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed and coarsely punctate with distinct pubescence, longitudinally carinate posteriorly, and distinctly defined by carina laterally. Gena glabrate and superficially foveate and punctate with sparse pubescence; lower face and clypeus foveate and densely punctate with dense appressed pubescence; anterior tentorial pits small and distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a superficial, smoothly curved arch. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate medially and glabrous laterally.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous; submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially; anterior pronotal plate glabrous medially and finely densely punctate with appressed pubescence, especially laterally. Pronotum raised dorsomedially; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a peak higher than mesoscutum. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, present in lower half of posterior margin of anterior pronotal plate. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with transverse costate components, and distinctly pubescent. Dorsal pronotal area finely transversely striate, present along anterior third of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum flat dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows and evenly distributed appressed pubescence. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate, broadly rounded posteriorly in dorsal view; lateral dorsal process indistinct. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and glabrous. Upper mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron glabrous and densely pubescent in ventral impression. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part, with a large elevated, glabrous median area medially, and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent, distinctly curved laterally and strongly raised dorsally to form in the middle a low triangular process; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina weak and percurrent. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein and nebulous in basal half. Marginal cell 2.5 times as long as wide and nearly as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.50 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 slightly exposed; relative size of abdominal T3–7: 2.0∶1.0∶1.1∶2.5∶1.4; T3 glabrous; T4 glabrous with a narrow band of fine punctures across anterior the second fifth; T5 glabrous and finely punctate; T6 finely and densely punctate dorsolaterally, and with a narrow band of sparse pubescence in the middle; and T7 densely punctate entirely, with a band of dense pubescence dorsolaterally in the middle. Apical teeth of metatibia slender and pointed apically. Metatibia with two to three dorsal (posterior) dents. Apical protuberance of first metatarsomere reaching to distal two-thirds of second metatarsomere.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus coracinus is most similar to P. lutepennis and P. obscurus, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter two by the ferruginous mark on forewing.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Malaysia: Negri S.: Posah Forest Reserve (Forest gap), 1979-II-28, P. and M. Becker coll. (AEI). Paratypes: 3♀♀, locality and collectors as holotype, 1978-XII-3–1979-II-18 (AEI: 2; CFR: 1).

Distribution

Malaysia: Borneo.

Etymology

From New Latin, coracinus, meaning crowlike. The name refers to the entirely dark body color of the species.

Paramblynotus grossus, new species

Female

Length 6.0–8.0 mm. Body, antenna, and legs entirely black. Wings transparent; forewing with a rectangular macula along the middle of anterior margin, covering marginal cell, distal third of first submarginal cell, and basal part of second submarginal cell anteriorly. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.

Antenna 13-segmented, flagellum filiform, not widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye not extended laterally, outer margin of gena expanded much beyond outer margin of eyes. Ocellar plate distinctly raised and foveate and not defined laterally by carina. Median frontal carina briefly but strongly present between antennal sockets. Upper face rugose-foveate/punctate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed and coarsely punctate with distinct pubescence, longitudinally carinate posteriorly, and distinctly defined by carina laterally. Gena glabrate, and foveate and punctate with sparse pubescence; lower face and clypeus foveate and densely punctate with apparent transverse costate component and appressed pubescence; anterior tentorial pits distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a superficial trapezoid. Lateral occipital carina reaching to middle height of gena. Occiput longitudinally carinate medially and glabrous laterally.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous; submedian pronotal depressions separated medially; anterior pronotal plate glabrous medially and otherwise finely densely punctate with appressed pubescence (especially so laterally). Pronotum raised dorsomedially; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a peak higher than mesoscutum. Lateral pronotal carinae distinct, present in lower two-thirds of posterior margin of anterior pronotal plate. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with transversely costate components, and distinctly pubescent. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present along anterior third of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum almost flat dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows and with sparse, evenly distributed appressed pubescence. Scutellar sulcus divided only by a median longitudinal carina. Pubescence of axillar area distinct but not conspicuous. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; mesoscutellum broadly rounded posteriorly in dorsal view; lateral dorsal process not apparent in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and glabrous. Upper mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron also with dense pubescence in ventral impression. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate to rugose in upper part, conspicuously pubescent ventrally, and with an elevated, glabrous median area. Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent, nearly parallel to each other, and strongly raised dorsally to form in middle a distinct triangular process; median propodeal area areolate with sparse pubescence; median longitudinal and transverse carinae hardly distinguishable from ridges of areolate structure. Rs+M of forewing nebulous in basal third, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.1 times as long as wide and 1.1 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.45 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 completely covered by T7; relative size of abdominal T3–7: 2.0∶1.0∶2.0. ∶2.4∶1.5; T3–4 glabrous; T5 glabrous and finely punctate; T6 finely and densely punctate dorsolaterally and with a narrow band of sparse pubescence in the middle; T7 punctate with pubescence dorsolaterally in anterior third. Apical teeth of metatibia slender and pointed apically. Metatibia with two to three dorsal (posterior) dents. Apical process of first metatarsomeres reaching to middle of second metatarsomere.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus grossus differs from all other species of the punctulatus group except P. venoforticulus, n.sp. by the presence of a rectangular macula along the middle of anterior margin of forewing. It differs from P. venoforticulus by its conspicuously expanded gena behind eye. The combination of robust shape, big size, and entirely black body color also make the identification of the species easy.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Papua New Guinea: Bulolo, Mankila, 1981-XII-24, H. Roberts coll. (NHM). Paratypes: 15♀♀. 5♀♀, data as holotype (NHM); 1♀, New Guinea, Wau (1,200 m), 1955-XII-22, I. and M. Sedlacek coll. (NHM); 1♀, Laos: Vientiane Prov., Ban Van Eue, 1965-VII-31, Native Collector coll. (BPBM); 2♀♀, Malaysia: Sabah, Sipitang: Mendolong, 1989-III-8–14, S. Adebratt, (ZMLU); 6♀♀, Indonesia: Sulawesi: Kunogon-Bone, 1984-IV–V, Martin coll. (NHM), 1985-XI-27–XII-4 (NHM), Dumoga-Bone (200 m), 1985-XI-16–23, C. v. Achterberg coll. (NNMN); Sumatra, Aceh, G. Leuser National Park, Ketambe Research Station, 1989-XI–1990-II, C.D. Darling coll. (ROM).

Distribution

Indonesia: Sulawesi, Sumatra; Malaysia: Borneo; Laos: Vientiane; Papua New Guinea.

Etymology

From Latin, grossus, big, coarse, referring to the big size and robust shape of the species.

Biology

Specimens from Papua New Guinea, including the holotype, were collected on Syzigium sp. log.

Paramblynotus fucosus, new species

Female

Length 4.2 mm. Body, antenna, and legs entirely black. Wings transparent, without any marking. 1mt/2–5mt  =  0.

Antenna 13-segmented, flagellum filiform, not widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate with distinct longitudinally carinate component. Eye expanded laterally, slightly beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, glabrate and longitudinally carinate, and defined laterally by carina. Median frontal carina distinct between antennal sockets. Upper face longitudinally carinate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed and distinctly defined by carina laterally, longitudinally carinate lateroposteriorly, and glabrous anterorly. Gena glabrous and finely punctate, and with dense pubescence in posterior upper part; lower face and clypeus glabrate with fine longitudinal carination and finely punctate with dense appressed pubescence; anterior tentorial pits small and distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a superficial trapezoid. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate medially and glabrous laterally.

Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous; submedian pronotal depressions separated medially; anterior pronotal plate glabrous medially and finely densely punctate with appressed pubescence (more so laterally). Pronotum raised dorsomedially; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a peak, slightly not as high as mesoscutum. Lateral pronotal carina indistinct, present in lower two-thirds along posterior margin of anterior pronotal plate. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with weak transverse costae, and distinctly pubescent in upper half, and glabrous and finely punctate ventrally. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present along anterior two-thirds of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum almost flat dorsally, except slightly inclined anteriorly, and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows and with sparse, evenly distributed appressed pubescence. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate and broadly rounded posteriorly in dorsal view; lateral dorsal process indistinct in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent with a narrow, hairless strip above the smoothly curved carina delimiting the triangle. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and glabrate with apparent transverse carinae. Upper and lower mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron also pubescent in ventral impression. Metepisternum conspicuously pubescent entirely. Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent, distinctly divergent posteriorly, and strongly raised dorsally to form in the middle a distinct triangular process; median propodeal area conspicuously pubescent anteriorly and glabrous posteriorly; median longitudinal carina anterior to the median transverse carina barely visible due to conspicuous pubescence. Rs+M of forewing distinct except slightly nebulous in basal third, arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.5 times as long as wide and 1.7 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R₁ absent.

Petiole 0.40 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 completely covered by T7; relative size of abdominal T3–7: 2.3∶1.0∶1.2. ∶3.8∶1.4; T3 glabrous; T4–5 glabrous and finely punctate dorsally; T6 finely and densely punctate dorsolaterally, with a single row of pubescence in the middle; T7 punctate with pubescence dorsolaterally in anterior third and glabrous posteriorly. Apical teeth of metatibia slender and pointed apically. Apical process of first metatarsomeres reaching to two-thirds of second metatarsomere.

Male

Unknown.

Paramblynotus fucosus is unique among all Paramblynotus species for its very conspicuous patch of silvery hairs covering the metepisternum and propodeum, its evenly ferruginous wings, and its relatively long apical process of first metatarsomeres.

Type Material

Holotype: ♀, Papua New Guinea: Bulolo Dist., 1982, H. Roberts coll. (NHM).

Distribution

Papua New Guinea

Etymology

From Latin, fucosus, colored, painted. The name refers to the ferruginous wings of the species.